利用孕妇血浆中的胎儿DNA进行β-地中海贫血的产前诊断

摘要

目的 利用孕妇血浆中游离胎儿DNA(cffDNA)对广东省最常见17种β地中海贫血的突变基因进行扩增,探讨非创伤性产前诊断β-地中海贫血的可行性.方法 ①羊水途径:抽取孕妇羊水共9例,采用反向斑点杂交技术检测中国人群8个常见位点和9个少见位点突变的共17种β地贫基因；②抽取孕妇外周血,柱分离法提取及凝胶回收纯化DNA,设计3对引物,对cffDNA进行二次PCR,反向斑点杂交技术检测β地中海贫血的突变基因.结果　9例孕妇中有5例经羊水检测证实胎儿有父系的β地贫基因,有2例孕妇外周血中检测到胎儿（父系）β地贫基因,与羊水检测相符.结论　利用cffDNA进行β-地中海贫血的检测方法可行,但由于母源性DNA背景的污染,以及胎儿DNA因含量而导致检出率低,希望进一步改进该技术后有望可用于β-地中海贫血的诊断.%Objective To investigate the clinical feasibility of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA)-based noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassemia. Methods Nine samples of amniotic fluid were obtained to detect the 8 common and 9 relatively rare mutation sites of [3-thalassaemia in Guangdong Province. The maternal blood samples were also collected for extracting and purification of the cffDNA, and a duplex PCR was performed using 3 pairs of primers and the fetal β-globin genotype was analyzed by reverse dot-blot hybridization. Results Among the 9 cases, 5 showed fetal genotypes of β-thalassemia inherited from the father by examination of the amniotic fluid, and 2 fetuses were identified to have β-thalassemia genes inherited from the father determined based on the cffDNA in the maternal blood. Conclusion The cffDNA-based noninvasive prenatal diagnosis is feasible for β-thalassemia, but the contamination of the maternal background DNA results in a low detection rate.