氮肥运筹对夏玉米产量、品质及植株养分含量的影响

摘要

A summer maize field experiment was carried out in Fuyang of Anhui province to investigate the effects of nitrogen applications on plant nutrient contents,yield and quality of summer maize.The results show that grain yield and most of the nutritional quality indicators are improved with the increase of amounts of nitrogen fertilizer applied,which could appear a contrary change trend or even decreased when nitrogen fertilizer amount reached or exceed a certain level.In conclusion,the grain yield of the treatment A2 whose nitrogen fertilizer rate is 300 kg/ha with a 5 ∶ 0∶ 5 ratio of base and topdressing is highest,and is 10902 kg/ha with an increase by 140.5％ compared to the control (CK),and increases by 4.6％ to 12.3％ compared to the other base under the same nitrogen rate.The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in maize grain appear the curve trends with the increase in the amount of nitrogen application rate,and nitrogen fertilization could significantly improve summer corn grain crude protein content.In the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer application,the grain protein content of treatment A2is the highest,which is one of the most appropriate nitrogen fertilizer applying regimes of maize production in the region.%通过田间试验研究了不同氮肥运筹方式对夏玉米产量、品质及植株养分含量的影响.结果表明,在氮肥施用量较低时,玉米籽粒产量及粗蛋白、粗淀粉和粗脂肪等营养品质指标随氮肥用量的增加而提高；当氮肥用量达到一定数量之后,则不随氮肥用量的增大而增加,甚至有所降低.在氮肥施用量为N 300 kg/hm2,基肥:拔节肥:大喇叭口期追肥比例为5:0:5(A2)时玉米籽粒产量最高为10902 kg/hm2,比不施肥(对照)增产140.5％,比相同施氮量条件下其他基追比处理增产4.6％～12.3％.随着施氮量增加玉米籽粒氮、磷、钾含量呈先增后减趋势；增施氮肥能显著提高夏玉米籽粒粗蛋白含量,在相同施氮量条件下,玉米籽粒氮素和粗蛋白含量在A2运筹方式下最高,说明该氮肥运筹方式能改善玉米籽粒的品质.