辐射式核电磁脉冲模拟器快沿脉冲源研制

摘要

根据辐射式核电磁脉冲模拟器对脉冲源的设计要求，研制一种由 Marx发生器和锐化装置构成的快沿脉冲源.Marx发生器为双边充电回路，由最大值高压无感电容器、电磁铁机械运动轨道触发开关、气体火花间隙开关及电阻等构成；锐化装置由分布参数同轴锐化电容和自击穿火花间隙锐化开关构成.对快沿脉冲源充放电等效回路进行Pspice模拟仿真，并通过试验测得实际的模拟器辐射场波形，结果表明：实测波形与仿真波形一致性较好，辐射式模拟器在距天线口径面3 m位置处产生上升时间小于5 ns、脉宽300多纳秒、峰值场强大于50 kV/m 的双指数脉冲场.实际研制的快沿脉冲源基本上满足了设计指标要求，为下一步改进优化辐射式模拟器奠定了基础.%According to the design requirement of pulse source used by the radiating-wave nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP)simulator,a fast rising pulse source which consists of a Marx generator and sharpening equipment was developed.The Marx generator is bipolar charged and composed of the maximum high voltage non-inductive capacitor, electromagnet mechanical movement track trigger switch,gas spark gap switch and resistors,etc.Sharpening equipment is composed of sharpening coaxial capacitance with distributional parameters and self-breakdown spark gap switch.The Pspice simulation was carried out on the equivalent circuit of fast rising pulse source and the radiating waveform of simulator was measured through experiments.The results show that the measured waveform is similar to the simulated waveform.The radiating-wave nuclear electromagnetic pulse simulator can generate the exponential pulse field at three meters away from the aperture plane of antenna with the rising time less than 5 ns,pulse width more than 300 ns and peak value of field strength greater than 50 kV/m.The developed fast rising pulse source basically satisfies the requirement of design indexes,and lays the foundation for optimizing the radiating-wave simulator.