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李克生平业绩考——子夏弟子丛考之一

         

摘要

It is argued that Li Ke (李克) and Li Kui (李悝) refer to the same person. In the table of important persons of past and present (古今人表) recorded in The Book of the [Former] Han Dynasty (汉书), Li Ke (李克 ) and Li Kui (李悝) were identified as separate personages. However, a close scrutiny of The Han Feizi (韩非子) , a work written by Han Feizi at the end of the Warring States Period in China, which The Book of the [ For- mer] Han Dynasty (汉书) cited, predisposes readers against such purports that Li Ke (李克) and Li Kui (李悝) were separate persons. As a disciple to Zi Xia (子夏) and later on as an originator of the school of legalists (法家), Li Ke (李克) exhibited dual characteristics of both Confucianism and legalism. A high minister in the state of Wei during the Warring States period, Li Ke (李克) served the Marquis Wen (魏文侯) and Marquis Wu (魏武侯) as Counselor-in-chief and Prefect of Shangdi (上地) near the border to the Qin State, contributing a lot to the growing strength and importance of the state of Wei. Besides, he had also compiled a penal law codex, known as the Fating (法经).%李克即是李悝。《汉书·古今人表》记李克、李悝为两人,承此说者引《韩非子·难二》李克的言论,不仅不能证明李克与李悝不同,反而更让人相信李克、李悝是一个人。李克作为子夏门下政事弟子,后来成为法家鼻祖,具有亦儒亦法的双重特点。钱穆说“法原于儒”,从政事之儒产生前期法家也是历史的必然。李克曾任魏国上地守,后任中山相,在魏文侯晚年和武侯前期任魏国相。相中山是相魏的前奏,治魏“尽地力之教”著《法经》,是治中山的扩大与发展。

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