“自治”抑或“他治”?--民国时期公立大学董事会制度性质的历史考察

摘要

The public university board of trustees system of the Republic of China emerged in the peri-od of Beiyang Government. It followed the American university board of trustees system characterized by the core concept of “university autonomy”, but showed a distinctive “Chinese style” in such as-pects as the purposes of the organization, the selection of council candidates, function changes, and decision-making procedures. The “Chinese style” is actually the result of the combined effect exerted by such external factors as political, institutional, and cultural environments, which inevitably made it difficult for then Chinese public university board of trustees system to be as autonomous as its Ameri-can counterparts in the operation and decision-making process. However, it can still be regarded as a tough practice to pursue diversity and democracy in university governance.%民国公立大学董事会制度出现于北洋军阀政府时期，是对以“大学自治”为核心理念的美国大学董事会制度的效仿。民国公立大学董事会制度从形成动因、校董人选、职权变化、决策程序等方面均体现出明显的“中国化”特征。而“中国化”特征的背后，是政治环境、制度环境、文化环境等外部环境共同作用的必然，这也导致了民国公立大学董事会制度在运作和决策中难以呈现出美国大学董事会制度的自治特征。然而，民国公立大学董事会制度依然不失为社会多元化、民主化参与大学治理的一种艰涩的教育实践。