南昌市社区老年人心理年龄与实际年龄差异比较及其原因分析

摘要

ABSTRACT:Objective To compare the difference between psychological age and chronological age in community elderly in Nanchang,and to investigate the factors influencing psychological age.Methods The general biological and social characteristics(gender,age,education level,health status,environment satisfaction,recreational activities,difficulties,setbacks,etc.)were investiga-ted in Nanchang community residents aged 60 years or older.The psychological age was measured using the Psychological Aging Self-Check Scale.Results Among the 110 community elderly resi-dents investigated,psychological age was less than chronological age in 106(96.36%,psychologi-cal age was less than 60 years).Furthermore,the psychological test scores increased with age(F=3.409,P =0.020).The factors influencing psychological age included age,health status,environ-mental satisfaction,recreational activities,difficulties and setbacks.Conclusion In general,the psychological age is less than chronological age in Nanchang community elderly.The main reasons leading to the difference include health status,environmental satisfaction,frequency of recreation-al activities,difficulties,and setbacks.Therefore,the physical health should be more concerned, social support and humanistic care should be given and social activities should be encouraged to promote the mental health of the elderly.%目的：比较南昌市社区老年人心理年龄与实际年龄的差异，探讨影响其心理年龄的因素。方法以南昌市部分社区60岁及以上老年人作为调查对象，对调查对象的一般生物学、社会学特征（包括性别、年龄、文化程度、健康状况、环境满意度，娱乐活动、困难与挫折等）等信息和数据进行采集，并采用《心理衰老的自我测查》量表对老年人心理年龄进行测试评分。结果96．36％（106／110）的老年人其心理年龄比实际年龄小（即小于60岁），不同年龄组心理测试得分不同，有随着年龄增加而增大的趋势（F ＝3．409，P ＝0．020）。影响心理年龄的因素有老年人的健康状况、环境满意度、娱乐活动、困难与挫折、年龄。结论南昌市社区老年人整体上心理年龄偏年轻，导致心理年龄与实际年龄差异主要原因有健康状况、对环境满意度、参加的娱乐活动频率和经历困难挫折，应多关注老年人身体健康状况，在社会大环境上给予社会支持和人文关怀，鼓励老年人积极参与社会活动，促进老年人心理健康。