批评的建立与小说的评价史问题--以80年代的王安忆小说批评为例

摘要

20世纪80年代的文学批评已成为当代文学批评的“元问题”，小说批评在其中具有极为典型的示范意义。而以80年代的王安忆小说批评为例，梳理新时期文学批评在建立过程中所引发的批评模式、批评话语、批评姿态的转变，这不仅表征了当代文学批评在面临具体作家作品时的共性问题，也意味着新时期的小说评价过程中在评价范式与审美标准上凸显的小说评价史问题。%Literary criticism in the 1980s ha s become a “meta-question” of the contemporary literary criticism and novel criticism, and it has the typical demonstration significance. While in Wang Anyi’s novel criticism in the 1980s, for example, the new period of literature criticism in its process of establishing has triggered the changes of criticism mode, critical discourse and criticism attitude. Combing these changes not only reveals the common problems of contemporary literary criticism when faced with specific writers and their works, but also means that new period novels in the process of evaluation highlight the history of novel evaluation with respect to the evaluation paradigm and aesthetic standards.