By studying close links between classical Chinese gardens and traditional Chinese cultures,it was stressed that spiritual characteristics pursued by classical Chinese gardens were inevitable components of their expression forms,which were also closely related to classical Chinese philosophy,social system and other cultural phenomena.Characteristics of classical Chinese gardens in terms of psychology were analyzed,and it was proposed that they had particular cultural connotations in the spiritual expression and appeal,that is,natural view of "human-nature oneness",etiquette culture of "coordinating with the nature by etiquette",seclusion view of "living in seclusion and pursuing a peaceful life".Concrete expressions of spiritual cultures in classical Chinese gardens were discussed,specifically,the expression of natural views was demonstrated as "respecting the nature,all creatures having its own course(Tao,way of evolution),adopting measures suiting local conditions,skillfully borrowing from other landscapes,simulating natural landscapes";as for the expression of seclusion view,it was demonstrated as the expression of seclusion cultures by inscriptions and steles,the expression of "seclusion" by implicit garden settings;etiquette and hierarchy of classical Chinese gardens were discussed from the perspective of private garden layout and residence construction.On this basis,spiritual world of ancient Chinese were further stu-died,mental patterns of Chinese were believed as the source of classical gardens,and what those hills,water,plants,architecture as well as their combinations expressed were spiritual pursuits of Chinese people.
展开▼
