电子支付服务中的关键概念及立法选择--兼评中美电子支付服务世贸组织争端案

摘要

Electronic fund transfer normally only means fund transfer between accounts of financial institutions by electronic means while electronic payment broadly refers to payment by any electronic device and the legal connotation is not easy to be determined. Payment service is a suitable concept and China is advised to adopt ‘electronic payment service’ in order to make a comparison with Negotiable Instruments Law. The concept should include all necessary services ‘managed’, ‘facilitated’ and ‘enabled’ by providers while payment is executed by a ‘payment order initiated through electronic device directly’. The reason of Chinese failure in the WTO dispute of electronic payment service is monopoly of the market of information transmission in payment card, not improper interpretation of the panel.%电子资金划拨通常仅指以电子方式在金融机构账户之间进行的资金划拨，而电子支付泛指任何通过电子设备进行的支付，其法律内涵不太容易确定。支付服务是一个比较合适的概念，而为与《票据法》相对，建议我国采用“电子支付服务”。该概念应包括“经营”、“促进”和“促成”支付的所有必要服务，且支付“直接通过电子设备发出支付指令”进行。电子支付服务世贸组织争端案中我国败诉的原因在于支付卡信息转接市场垄断而非专家组解释不当。