妊娠妇女空气污染暴露相关生物学标记研究进展

摘要

Air pollution can lead to respiratory diseases and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Pregnant women in a high metabolic state are more sensitive to air pollutants,while the fetuses in a critical period of physiological development are also more sensitive to pollutants.Studies in recent years have shown that the exposure to air pollution is associated with several adverse perinatal outcomes,including spontaneous abortions,intrauterine growth retardation,preterm births,and low birth weight (LBW).However,the underlying mechanism is unclear.At present,many biomarkers of the exposure to air pollution,such as DNA adducts,were screened out by the applications of exposomics and metabonomics.Biomarkers can be used to reflect the level of internal exposure in an individual.It is thought that those biomarkers are more accurate than the monitoring of exposed contaminants.It is important that those biomarkers can be used to explore the potential mechanism of adverse pregnant outcomes related with the exposure to air pollution.%空气污染可以导致呼吸道疾病以及心脑血管疾病.妊娠妇女机体处于一种高代谢状态,对空气污染物比较敏感;胎儿处于生长发育的关键时期,对污染物也更敏感.近年来的研究表明,妊娠妇女暴露于空气污染物与各种不良妊娠结局有关,包括自然流产、胎儿生长受限、早产和低出生体质量等.然而,其潜在机制尚不清楚.目前暴露组学、代谢组学的应用筛选出许多空气污染体内暴露的生物学标记物,如DNA加合物等代谢产物.生物学标记物可以用来反映个体的内暴露水平,相比外暴露的污染物监测更为准确,更能反映机体的暴露水平,从而指导探究空气污染暴露与各种妊娠结局相关的潜在机制.