MUC16，又名CA125，是一种表达于各类上皮细胞表面的高分子量糖蛋白，主要发挥保护和修复上皮的作用。MUC16是早期诊断上皮性卵巢癌的重要肿瘤指标，广泛应用于临床。近来研究发现，MUC16的异常表达与卵巢癌的不良预后和发生发展密切相关。MUC16可以通过与间皮素结合促进卵巢癌远处转移，可以通过抑制肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞形成免疫突触帮助卵巢癌细胞实现免疫逃逸。MUC16还可以通过在卵巢癌中的过表达来影响肿瘤细胞的上皮间质转化（EMT）、增殖、迁移和转移，促进卵巢癌的发生发展。尽管有关MUC16与卵巢癌的研究逐渐取得进展，但MUC16的生化结构及其在卵巢癌中具体作用机制仍处于研究阶段。综述MUC16的生化结构及其在卵巢癌细胞的免疫逃逸和卵巢癌增殖、迁移、侵袭和转移中的研究进展，旨在为卵巢癌的治疗提供新的靶点。%MUC16, also named CA125, is a kind of high molecular weight glycoprotein expressed by various epithelial cells. It participates in protecting and repairing epithelium. MUC16 is one of the most important diagnostic biomarkers for early stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Recent studies have found that the abnormal expression of MUC16 in ovarian cancer is closely related to tumorigenesis and poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. MUC16 can bind to mesothelin to promote ovarian cancer distant metastasis. It can inhibit immune synapse formation between immune cells and tumor cells to help ovarian cancer cells evade immune attack. The overexpression of MUC16 can also affect EMT, proliferation, migration and metastasis of tumor cells to enhance ovarian cancer progression. Although much progress is being made in understanding the relationship between MUC16 and ovarian cancer, the biochemical structure of MUC16 and its specific mechanism in ovarian cancer are still unclear. This review makes a summary on the biochemical structure of MUC16 and its role in immuno-escape, proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer, to provide new targets for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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