〔Abstract〕 Development of low-carbon economy has become a global consensus , and provinces can effectively stimulate the emis-sion reduction potential by improving the efficiency of carbon emissions . Under the perspective of provincial heterogeneity , this paper uses the fixed-effects stochastic frontier model to measure and analyze the performance of Chinese provincial carbon emission efficiency and its determinants . The differences of carbon efficiency in time and space is reduced after considering provincial heterogeneity . The main find-ings are as follows . Carbon emission efficiency was driven by the level of economic development , but the effect is not significant . Optimiz-ing industrial structure and adjusting energy structure is helpful to improve the efficiency of carbon emissions . Trade openness significantly increased efficiency of carbon emissions , but , foreign direct investment has no significant effect . Implement energy target constraint poli-cies conducive to promote the efficiency of carbon emissions , the stronger the ability of government intervention , the better of the results of energy target constraint policy . In the future , China should focus on optimizing industrial structure and adjustment energy structure , at the same time , promoting local governments actively to design and implement carbon reduction policies through the institutional arrangements .%发展低碳经济已成为国际社会的共识，不断提高碳排放效率，能够有效地激发减排潜力。本文在省域异质性视角下，运用固定效应随机前沿分析的参数方法测算和分析中国省域碳排放效率及其影响因素。考虑碳减排技术的省域异质性后，碳排放效率在时间和空间上的差异减小。实证结果表明：经济发展水平对碳排放效率有利但影响不显著；优化产业结构、调整能源结构有利于提高碳排放效率；贸易开放显著提升碳排放效率，外商直接投资对碳排放效率影响并不显著；实施能源目标约束政策有利于促进碳排放效率，政府干预能力越强，能源目标约束的减排效果越好。未来中国提高碳排放效率的的工作重点应着重优化产业结构和调整能源结构，同时通过制度安排促使地方政府积极设计和实施碳减排政策。
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