本文运用两阶段共同边界DEA模型,一方面将国家大学科技园创新过程分为招商引资阶段和经营阶段两个前后关联的阶段,另一方面在考虑技术差距的基础上,将中国国家大学科技园分为东部地区和中西部地区两个组群,并对这两个地区的国家大学科技园2009～2012年的创新效率进行实证分析.研究发现:中国国家大学科技园创新系统具有两阶段关联特征,招商引资阶段和经营阶段的低效率造成了大学科技园创新综合效率的低下,并且经营阶段效率的平均值要高于招商引资阶段.造成招商引资阶段和经营阶段综合效率无效的原因是招商引资阶段的投入冗余和经营阶段的产出不足.东部地区和中西部地区大学科技园具有不同的技术边界,并且呈现出东部地区创新效率高于中西部地区的格局.不同类型的科技园应对创新过程的各个子阶段进行监控,采取差异化的提升策略.%By combining the preponderant discipline of universities and social resources,the National University Science Parks (NUSPs) provide the support platform for transferring scientific achievements,incubating high-tech enterprises,cultivating innovative talents,and promoting the integration of production,education and research.NUSPs make great contributions to developing high-tech industries,and pushing forward the construction of local economic,as well as the whole social development.It is meaningful and necessary to investigate the innovation efficiency of NUSPs because they arc an incubator for business innovation.Many methods can be used to study innovation efficiency and have been applied in the research of different industries and regions.However,little attention has been paid to NUSPs' innovation.First of all,this paper makes use of two-stage Meta-frontier function to calculate the efficiency in the first stage and second stage.Secondly,the paper uses BCG management box approach and divides NUSPs into four types (high investment attraction performance-high operation performance,high investment attraction performance-low operation performance,low investment attraction performance-high operation performance,low investment attraction performance-low operation performance).The purpose is to provide insights into improving China's NUSPs' innovation efficiency.The results indicate that the innovation system of NUSPs has the characteristic of two-stage relationship.The low efficiency in Stages 1 and 2 results in low overall efficiency.The mean value of the investment attraction efficiency for NUSPs is lower than that of operational efficiency.The main causes for the overall investment attraction inefficiency and operational inefficiency are input excess during the investment attraction process and output deficiency during the operation process.Additionally,there is a large difference in production technology frontier among regions of China,which results in the progressive decrease of innovation efficiency of NUSPs from the East to the Midwest.The above research has important theoretical and practical implications for the improvement of China's innovation ability under the background of building an innovation-oriented country.By considering numerous differences among various regions in terms of industrial structure,economic systems,and so forth,one may argue that differentiated development policy should be made and carried out by the government according to the features of different districts.NUSPs in China should encourage the mid-western regions to adjust industrial structure,increase the investment of cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial talents,and promote the incubation of high-tech industry.NUSPs in China should strengthen domestic energy cooperation and achieve coordinated development of regional innovative ability.Firstly,to improve the overall innovation efficiency of NUSPs in China,the steady improvement of innovation efficiency in eastern regions should be firstly guaranteed,followed by driving the increase of innovation efficiency through radiation effect.Secondly,it is impotant to strengthen the communication and cooperation between regions in order to promote the efficient flow of capital,technology,and talent in China.The government should formulate relevant supporting policies for Midwestem regions,and break barriers to improving energy efficiency.Thus,it is important to promote the improvement of a more balanced and robust innovation efficiency.Thirdly,it is important to strengthen international cooperation in technology,and introduce some advanced foreign technology,equipment,and management experience.
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