宋代秀州望族婚宦述论

摘要

The characteristics of marriage in Song Dynasty can be seen from the marriage history of those distinguished families in Xiuzhou. For instance, cousin marriage and hereditary marriage system still existed at that period. The changes of marriage selection standard in a family reflect the ups and downs of a family’s social status. On the other hand, regional feature is notable in the marriage of the distinguished families. And the stretch of geographical distribution of the families’ affinity is closely related to the ups and downs of a family’s social status. The principles of“the properly-matched marriage”and “the geographic convenience” caused the changes actually. These principles would be a strategy for the distinguished families to maintain their social status. Moreover, it also embodies a cultural implication, as shown in the ancient fable“bamboo door should correspond with bamboo door, wooden door should correspond with wooden door.”%从秀州望族的婚姻史料中可以看到若干宋人婚姻的特点。在宋代秀州望族婚姻缔结的形式中表亲婚与世婚制仍旧较为常见。一个家族婚姻择取的转向则是其家族家势沉浮的一个侧面反映。同时，秀州望族婚姻缔结表现出较为明显的地域性特点。而一个家族所缔结的姻亲地理分布的伸缩，亦正与其家族政治地位的沉浮有密切关联。这些实际上都是因源于宋人家族婚姻的缔结主要依据“门当户对”及“地缘便利”的原则。这样的原则对于望族来说可能是维持其家势不堕的一种策略。但更应是“竹门对竹门，木门对木门”这样一种文化意义的体现。