也谈“媒体审判”——论新闻自由与司法独立

摘要

In real life,the development and construction of news institution in the country are closely linked,with a growing number of conflicts between press freedom and judicial independence.Press freedom is not as a separate right appeared in China′s law.It is embodied in the constitution and laws and regulations.Press freedom includes not only the freedom of report,but also the freedom of commentary.It is the essential difference between media and judicial that leads to the difference of the facts and legal facts.Using social standard thought in media management does favors for alleviating the conflict.To protect the right to know and to protect the freedom of expression and privatization of media system are two important factors to positive interaction of press freedom and justice.Meanwhile,in order to maintain the credibility of the judicial we should prevent excessive freedom of media in value and in specific professional operation.%现实生活中,新闻事业的发展和法治国家的建设紧紧相连,但是新闻自由和司法独立之间却有着越来越多的冲突。新闻自由在中国法律中并没有作为一项单独的权利出现,而是散见于《宪法》和一些法律法规之中。新闻自由的内容不仅包括报道方面的自由,也包括评论方面的自由。媒体与司法的本质差别,导致了新闻事实和法律事实的不同。社会本位思想在传媒管理上的应用,可以缓解二者的冲突。若要实现新闻自由与司法的良性互动,对媒体知情权和表达自由权的保护是应有之义,在体制上也要进行媒体的去行政化。与此同时,在价值观念和具体职业操作中,要严防媒体自由度的过界,维护司法的独立性,提高司法的公信力。