A new nonlinear optical A⁃π⁃D⁃π⁃A type chromophore with a carbazyl donor was designed and synthe⁃sized to balance the nonlinearity-transparency trade⁃off by Molecular Engineering Theory (MET) and Crystal Engi⁃neering Theory (CET). The chromophore was characterized by IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, MS and element analysis. The second⁃order polarizability of the chromophore was detected by a solvatochromic method based on two⁃level models, and the detection process was expounded in detail. The results show that the chromophore had a large sec⁃ond⁃order polarizability, averaging about 519×10-30 cm5 ·esu⁃1and exhibited good transparency. The largest absorp⁃tion wavelength was within 446~452 nm. The coordination of nonlinearity⁃transparency trade⁃off depends on the comprehensive molecular optimization design ideas, including conjugation length, the choice of electron acceptors, electron donors and the design of the two⁃dimensional charge transfer structure, etc.% 为了解决“非线性－透光性矛盾”，运用“分子工程”和“晶体工程”理论，设计合成了一种含咔唑环的A⁃π⁃D⁃π⁃A型生色分子．用红外、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱、元素分析和质谱等对性能进行了表征．依据双能级模型，选用合适的溶致变色方程，测定了该生色分子的二阶极化率，并对测定过程进行了详细阐述．结果表明该生色分子具有较大的二阶极化率，平均值为519×10－30 cm5·esu－1，并有较好的透光性，最大吸收波长在446～452 nm．“非线性－透光性矛盾”的协调解决取决于共轭链的长度、电子给体和电子受体的选择以及二维电荷转移结构的设计等分子综合优化设计思路．
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