文化政治美学视野下的治理理论研究--从福柯的政治治理到托尼·本尼特的文化治理

摘要

Foucault’s governmentality has been a famous theory in politics and economics from 1990s, which researches on how neo-liberalism government applies the technique of knowledge to form modern sub⁃jects and to realize self-government. But the relation among Foucault’s governmentality and aesthetics and cultural study has not been fully expounded. Based on late Foucault’s opinion to Existence Aesthetics, we could reason out that his governmentality as an aesthetics-oriented cultural politics theory. Having found out synchronism and cooperative relations among the birth of aesthetics, the emergence of knowledge type of Aes⁃thetics and the need of governance, Tony Bennett suggests studying governmentality in the sight of practices of governance, and applying governmentality to cultural practices such as cultural institution, cultural policy and cultural agent. This kind of aesthetics in materialism is different from aesthetic modernity which keeps a de⁃tached attitude.%米歇尔·福柯的治理理论在20世纪90年代以来成为政治学和经济学领域的显学，其理论旨趣为探讨新自由主义政府如何运用知识技术塑造现代主体、实现主体自我管治。但福柯的治理理论与美学、文化研究的关系并未得到充分的阐释。联系福柯后期的生存美学观点，可以推论福柯治理理论是一个趋向美学分析的文化政治概念。托尼·本尼特在考察了美学学科诞生、美学知识型的出现与政府治理需求之间的时间上同步和内涵上的协同关系之后，提出从治理实践的角度来研究治理理论，将治理理论延伸到文化机构、文化政策、文化代理人等文化实践运用中，这种物质化研究美学的方法迥异于超然批判性立场的审美现代性。