康德把审美判断的特征从“质”的契机上界定为“无利害关系的自由愉快”，其用意在于借助审美来抵制人的思想行为受“欲望”所支配，从而使人具有自己的自由意志和独立人格，表明审美乃是“作为一个人的人”所不可缺少的一种精神需求。但这一思想从王国维把“美学”介绍到我国的那一天开始，就遭到我国美学界的曲解和误解，以致对“需要”与“欲望”不加区分、把“需要”也当作“欲望”来加以否定，从而造成我国现代美学研究领域的所谓“人生艺术化”而实际上却是与现实人生分离的一种高蹈的理论。由此，在区分“需要”与“欲望”这两个概念的基础上，可以看到美与“作为一个人的人”的生存活动的不可分离性，即美是人的生存的一种不可缺少的精神需求。%Kant defines the characteristic of aesthetic judgment as“uninterested free happiness” at the level of“nature”, aiming to get human's thinking and behavior free from“desire” by means of aesthetic, thus to make the self have a free will and an in-dependent character.According to Kant, aesthetic is an indispensable spiritual need for a man as a man.However, the idea has been misinterpreted and misunderstood in aesthetic field in China ever since Wang Guowei introduced “aesthetics” to China, which failed to differentiate“need” from“desire”, or denied“need” as it was thought to be“desire”.Indeed, it resulted in the so-called“artistic life” of contemporary aesthetic research in China, which is, in fact, a theory of separation between aesthetic and real life.This paper, based on the difference between“need” and“desire”, discusses the unity of beauty and living activity of“a man as a man”, namely beauty is an essential spiritual need for man's existence.
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