Previous comparative studies concerning whether and if, whether from the perspective of the semantic feature of Wh, or from the perspective of the structural differences, have not provided a satisfying explanation to the semantic and syntactic differences, especially the difference of the syntactic distribution of the two.Based on the semantic differences that whether deriving its form from "which of two", indicates making choice from the positive and negative values of the propositional truth, while if can not, the structural and distributional differences between the two in terms of conditional sentences and alternative question sentences will be focused on.Especially when the two introduce alternative question sentence, the DP feature of whether, for the consideration of syntactic match and feature checking, makes it distribute more widely than if which possesses adjunct feature.%既往的whether、if比较研究,无论是从whether、if的wh语义特征出发,还是从whether、if句法结构差异出发,都没有很好解决whether、if的句法语义差,特别是whether、if在句法分布上的差异.鉴于此, 在区别whether表语义可选择及if表语义无选择的差异基础上,两者在引导条件句和正反疑问句时的结构和分布差异被重新梳理.特别是在引导正反疑问句时,whether的DP属性由于句法匹配、句法属性管辖等原因,使其能够在较多的句式结构中出现;而if的连词属性及引导结构的附加语成分属性极大限制了它的句法分布.
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