冬季覆盖作物对潮褐土土壤肥力和微生物学性状的影响

摘要

Winter cover crops were proved to be useful to improve soil fertility and the ecological environment and the study of the effects of winter cover crops on soil physical and chemical properties and microbiological properties could provide data support for the promotion of winter cover crops in North China Plain.Taking winter fallow as control (CK),a pot experiment with three cover crops,Vicia villosa (Vr),Orychophragmus violaceus (Ov) and Brassica campestris (Bc),planting in cinnamon soil was conducted to study the effects of winter cover crops on soil physical and chemical properties,microbial biomass and enzyme activity.The results show that the biomass of winter cover crops followed the order of Vr＞Bc＞Ov.Compared with CK,winter cover crops increased soil moisture,available phosphorus,soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus content significantly (P＜0.05).Additionally,soil alkaline phosphatase,invertase and urease activities were also increased.The content of available phosphorus under Ov were highly promoted by 33.3％ (P＜0.05).Soil moisture in Bc was significantly increased by 16.7％,while soil bulk density was reduced significantly by 16.8％ (P＜0.05).In addition,microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen,microbial biomass phosphorus,soil alkaline phosphatase,invertase and urease activities were increased by 30.5％,32.3％,85.4％,11.4％,17.7％and 21.7％,respectively.Considering winter cover crop biomass and its influence on soil physical and chemical properties,soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity comprehensively,Brassica campestris is the best winter cover crop followedby Orychophragmus violaceus and Vicia villosa in the North China Plain.%冬季覆盖作物能够提高农田土壤肥力和改善生态环境,通过研究其种植后对华北平原农田土壤理化和微生物学性质的影响,可为该地区推广种植冬季覆盖作物提供数据支持.以冬闲地为对照(CK),选取毛叶苕子(Vicia villosa,Vr)、二月兰(Orychophragmusviolaceus,Ov)和冬油菜(Brassica campestris,Bc)3种覆盖作物,通过盆栽试验研究了种植冬季覆盖作物对华北平原典型潮褐土土壤理化性质、微生物生物量和酶活性的影响.结果表明:3种冬季覆盖作物处理生物量由小到大依次为Vr、Bc和Ov.与CK相比,3种冬季覆盖作物均能显著提高土壤含水量,有效磷含量,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和磷含量(P＜0.05),且不同程度提高土壤碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性.其中,Ov处理土壤有效磷含量提高幅度最大,为33.3％(P＜0.05);Bc处理土壤含水量显著提高16.7％,土壤容重显著降低16.8％,土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮、微生物生物量磷含量及碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性分别提高30.5％ 、32.3％、85.4％ 、11.4％、17.7％和21.7％ (P＜0.05).综合覆盖作物生物量及覆盖作物对华北平原潮褐土土壤理化性质、微生物生物量含量和酶活性的影响,以冬油菜作为华北平原冬季覆盖作物效果为最佳,二月兰和毛叶苕子次之.