超越自然主义的自然主义作品*--美国黑人经典小说《土生子》写作特征探析

摘要

19世纪末20世纪初是自然主义文学蓬勃发展的时期，自然主义理论从欧洲大陆传播到美国，在美国本土形成了独特的自然主义理论。美国黑人作家理查德・赖特的代表作《土生子》就成功地采用了自然主义的创作手法，作为美国黑人文学史上的一个里程碑，它不仅体现了美国自然主义文学的特征，同时对原有的自然主义理论有所超越。笔者从美国自然主义文学的特征出发，对比分析“赖特式”的自然主义在《土生子》中的具体表现。%Naturalism Literature experienced a vigorous development in the period of the late nineteenth cen-tury and the early twentieth century.The theory of Naturalism had been spread from Europe to America and had formed a unique Naturalism theory there.Richard Wright, a famous African American writer, successfully applied the theory of Naturalism to his representative work Native Son.Native Son, as a milestone in the history of African American Literature, not only reflects the traits of traditional Naturalism, but also transcends the original theory. This paper will compare and analyze the characteristics of Naturalism which reflected in Native Son from the per-spective of American Naturalism Literature.