Nano-nickel catalyst was synthesized by microemulsion method, characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and then used in the extra-heavy oil aquathermolysis at 200 ℃. The physicochemical properties of heavy oil both before and after reaction were analyzed by using gas chromatography (GC), elemental analysis (EL), molecular weight analysis ( VPO), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The results show that the viscosity reduction ratio of extra-heavy oil reaches 90. 36％, the contents of resin and asphaltene decrease, and the average moleculars of heavy oil and asphahene reduce after the catalytic aquathermolysis. The H-C ratio in heavy oil, resin and asphaltene increases. The contents of sulfur and nitrogen decrease, but oxygen content increases in the heavy oil after treatment. A lot of polymerize reactions occurred in the course of aquathermolysis, and the nano-nickel catalyst not only slowed down the polymerize reactions but also speeded up the aquathermolysis. The pyrolysis of asphahene plays a very important role in synergism reactions between high temperature water and nano-nickel catalyst during the catalytic aquathermolysis, and produces more substances such as alcohol, carboxylate and fatty acid which results in the viscosity reduction of heavy oil.%利用微乳液法合成纳米镍催化剂,采用透射电镜对其进行表征,在200℃时对超稠油进行水热裂解催化反应,通过气相色谱仪、元素分析仪、相对分子质量测定仪、红外光谱仪对反应前后稠油的物化性质进行分析.结果表明:水热裂解催化反应后,超稠油降黏率达90.36%,稠油胶质与沥青质含量减少,稠油相对分子质量下降,沥青质相对分子质量降低幅度最大;反应后稠油及其重质组分的氢碳原子数比增加,硫与氮含量减少,氧含量增加;稠油发生水热裂解反应的同时,存在沥青质的聚合反应,沥青质的裂解在降黏反应中起到了关键的作用;纳米镍催化剂促进了水热裂解反应,同时抑制了聚合反应;纳米镍催化剂协同作用使高温水与稠油发生反应,产生具有表面活性的醇类、酚类、羧酸类等物质,导致反应后稠油含氧量增加,黏度降低.
展开▼
