自由泳短周期内速度特征的三维运动学分析

摘要

Objective:This study aims at describing the swimmers’features and changes of a short - cycle speed fluc-tuation in the 200m freestyle (Vfluc),and analyzing their correlation with the swimmers’performance. Meth-ods:11 male swimmers in active service from Hubei are selected as the research subjects. 4 underwater and 2 overwater video cameras are used to synchronously record their swimming performance. The 200m freestyle swimming is divided into 4 segments (SC1,SC2,SC3,SC4)and oval region method is adopted to calculate human body data. Results:the findings indicate an overall decline in the Vmean and a positive correlation be-tween the swimmers’Vmax/ Vmin and their performance with the correlation of segment 1 much higher than the other three sections. Vmax and Vmin demonstrate significant correlation,but no correlation to the swimming performance. Conclusion:there is no correlation between the velocity fluctuation characteristics in all directions and performance with no significant changes during the whole process.%目的：描述游泳运动员在200m 自由泳中，短周期内速度波动（Vfluc）的特征和变化，及身体质心速度的最大值（ Vmax）和最小值（Vmin），并分析其与运动员运动表现的相关性。方法：选现役河北省游泳队国家一级以上自由泳男运动员共11名为研究对象。用4台水下和2台水上摄像机同步记录他们的游泳表现。将200m 自游泳分为4段（每段50m：SC1、SC2、SC3、SC4）分析，采用椭圆区域的方法对人体数据进行计算。结果：测试发现，200m 自游泳中 Vmean总体在下降；Vmax和 Vmin与运动员的表现呈正相关，且 SC1段比另外三段的相关性更高；Vmax和 Vmin的相关性显著且一致，但与游泳表现并无相关性。结论：各个方向速度波动特征与运动表现没有相关性，且在整个运动过程中也并不呈现显著性的变化。