营养教育对244名中国农村小学生生长发育的影响

摘要

Objective To evaluate the effect of nutrition education intervention on the growth of elementary schoolchildren in rural China.Methods A 2-year nutrition education interventional study was conducted with 244 schoolchildren (80 in the intervention school and 164 in the control schools) in a rural area of China receiving government subsidies.Nutrition education intervention included the modification of school meal menus,peer support activities,nutritionrelated handbooks and posters,and nutrition courses.The measurable outcomes included the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ),the BMI-for-age Z-score (BAZ),and nutrient intakes.Results During the 2-year nutrition education intervention,the BAZ of the intervention group (0.04 ± 0.88) significantly increased compared to that of the control group (-0.30 ± 0.81,P ＜0.01).After adjusting for baseline BAZ and other potential confounders,the effect of nutrition education intervention on BAZ persisted (standardized coefficient:0.322;P =0.000).Protein and other nutrient intakes substantially increased for the intervention group compared to the control group during the 2-year intervention.Conclusion Our findings suggest that nutrition education,in addition to government subsidies,is beneficial for the growth of schoolchildren in rural China.%目的 评价营养教育对中国农村小学生生长发育的作用.方法 选取实施国家补助项目的 3所贫困地区农村小学的244名小学生作为研究对象开展为期2年的营养教育干预研究,其中干预校1所(80人),对照校2所(164人).营养干预措施包括:改进学校食堂的食谱、学生之间的同伴教育、发放营养知识手册并张贴营养知识海报以及定期开设营养课程和讲座.测量指标包括:年龄别身高Z评分(height-for-age Z-score,HAZ)、年龄别BAZ评分(BMI-for-age Z-score,BAZ)和营养素摄入量.结果 经过2年的营养教育,干预组BAZ的增加幅度(0.04±0.88)显著高于对照组(-0.30±0.81,P＜0.01).进一步调整干预前BMI等混杂因素后的多元线性回归发现,为期2年的营养教育干预显著增加了学生的BAZ(standardized coefficient:0.322;P=0.000).同时,干预组的蛋白质及其他营养素的摄入量均显著高于对照组.结论 在国家补助项目的 基础上,为期2年的营养教育干预可显著提高中国贫困农村地区学龄儿童的生长发育水平.