微生物菌剂对稻秆－猪粪－蘑菇渣堆肥腐熟进程及品质的影响

摘要

Objective]The aim was to study effects of microbial agents on compost product quality of agricultural wastes.[Method] A com-post test was conducted by usingrice straw-pig manure-mushroom residue as main materials to study the effects of Trichoderma viride, Asper-gillus niger, Bacillus subtilis(TAB) and Phomopsis asparagi B3, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis(PTAB) on composting process and quality through determining the changes of temperature, pH, organic matter, cellulose and lignin, seed germination rate, number of microbial, nutrient content in the composting process.[ Result] In the control treatment the highest temperature was 53 ℃, and the high temperature sustaining time was only 4 days, the highest GI was 93.00% and the highest organic matter decreased by 32.85%.In the com-posting treatment with microbial agents TAB and PTAB the time of reaching high temperature were 2 days and the high temperature sustaining time were respectively 5 and 7 days, while the highest temperature were 59℃ and 65℃, respectively.At the end of composting, the GI of the composting treatment with microbial agents TAB and PTAB increased by 3.0% and 13.0%, while the content of organic matter were de-creased by 8.73% and 23.58%.At the maturity, it was found that the composting treatments with microbial agents TAB and PTAB, had higher contents of available,-N, -P, -K than the control treatment, significantly improved the compost product quality.[ Conclusion] In the view of composting maturity and quality, the accelerating effect of PTAB on rice straw and pig manure compost was better than TAB.%[目的]研究微生物菌剂对农业废弃物堆肥品质的影响。[方法]以稻秆、猪粪和蘑菇渣为主要原料进行好氧高温堆肥，通过测定堆肥过程中温度、pH、有机质、纤维素、木质素、种子发芽指数（GI）、微生物数量以及养分含量相关指标，研究了接种绿色木霉、黑曲霉、枯草芽孢杆菌（ TAB处理）和拟茎点霉B3、绿色木霉、黑曲霉、枯草芽孢杆菌（ PTAB处理）对稻秆－猪粪－蘑菇渣堆肥腐熟进程及产品品质的影响。[结果]自然堆肥过程中堆体最高温度为53℃，高温分解时间仅4 d，GI最高为93．00％，有机质最高降低了32．85％。 TAB和PTAB处理在第2天后进入高温分解期，持续时间分别为5和7 d，最高温度分别达到59、65℃。堆肥结束时，TAB和PTAB处理的GI分别比对照处理增加了3和13个百分点，有机质含量分别降低了8．73％和23．58％。 TAB和PTAB处理能显著提高堆肥产品中速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量，提升堆肥产品品质。[结论]综合比较堆肥腐熟效果和产品品质，PTAB处理对稻秆猪粪的腐熟效果好于TAB处理。