吊罗山国家森林公园热带雨林不同恢复阶段群落结构与生物多样性比较研究

摘要

By the methods of community structure analysis,forest resources monitoring and biodiversity analysis,tropical rain forest plots at 3 different recovery stages in Diaoluo Mountain National Forest Park of Hainan province were investigated.The 3 plots located in tropical rainforest restored in 1960s,tropical rainforest restored in 1970s,and virgin rainforest respectively and were with the same area.From the starting point of dominant species of community,the variation of characteristics of community structure and species composition,plant species richness and diversity of the 3 plots were discussed.Results showed that with the process of time,the difference of dominant species in the 3 plots was increasing.The average tree height and clear bole height of arbor in the rainforest plot restored in 1970s were higher than that in the other 2 plots.The DBH (diameter at breast height) of virgin rainforest trees was greater than that of the other 2 plots.Comparatively,the species richness was the biggest in virgin rainforest,while was equal in rainforest restored in 1960s,and rainforest restored in 1970s; the species diversity index and evenness index of the virgin rainforest was the biggest; and ecological dominance was similar with that of the other 2 plots,thus the biodiversity of virgin rainforest was the highest.The biodiversity indexes of rainforest restored in 1970s were greater than those of rainforest restored in 1960s,so its biodiversity was higher than that of rainforest restored in 1960s.Overall,the species richness and biodiversity of the 3 plots was with little difference.%采用植物群落结构分析、森林资源监测及生物多样性分析方法,对海南省吊罗山国家森林公园3个不同恢复阶段的热带雨林样地进行调查研究,3个样地分别位于20世纪60年代恢复的热带雨林、70年代恢复的热带雨林、原始热带雨林内,样地面积一致.以群落的优势种为出发点,探讨了3个样地的群落种类组成与结构特征、植物丰富度及物种多样性等的变化,分析了3个样地的生物多样性.结果表明,随着时间的进程,3个样地植物优势种的差异在增大;20世纪70年代恢复的热带雨林样地的乔木平均树高和枝下高比另外2个样地的要高,原始热带雨林样地的乔木平均胸径大于另外2个样地的胸径.相比之下,原始热带雨林样地的物种丰富度最大,60年代恢复的热带雨林样地与70年代恢复的热带雨林样地的物种丰富度相等；原始热带雨林样地的物种多样性指数和均匀度指数最大,生态优势度与其他样地的较为接近,所以原始热带雨林样地的生物多样性最大；70年代恢复的热带雨林样地各项生物多样性指标多数大于60年代恢复的热带雨林样地生物多样性指标,因而生物多样性也大于60年代恢复的热带雨林样地.总体而言,3个样地的生物多样性差别不大.