目的 了解医务人员血源性职业暴露的分布特征,为减少和预防职业暴露提供科学依据和有效保护措施.方法 采用回顾性调查的方法,对2011-2015年血源性职业暴露后上报的205例案例资料进行分析.结果 在登记上报的205例血源性职业暴露者中,医师类占42.4%,护理类占41.5%;暴露类型中,以锐器伤损害为主,占92.2%,最常见于手术缝合针刺伤、处理医疗废物和输液后拔针等;暴露源患者中以携带乙型肝炎病毒为主,占45.8%.全部暴露者均及时对伤口进行处理并采取相应预防性措施,追踪检测无因此发生血源性感染者.结论 加强职业安全教育与培训,提高标准预防意识,规范操作流程,暴露后及时正确处理伤口与干预等措施能够有效减少医务人员职业暴露的发生.%Objective To observe the distribution characteristics of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens, and to provide the scientific basis for occupational exposure protection. Methods The distribution character-istics of 205 cases of occupational exposure to blood-borne diseases in a hospital from 2011 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 205 medical workers with occupational exposure, the exposure rates of nurses and doc-tors were the highest, which respectively accounted for 42.4% and 41.5% of total population. Needle stick injuries were the most common cause (92.2%), which occurred frequently during the process of suture, handling medical waste and drawing the needle. The main sources of exposure were hepatitis B, with the constituent ratio of 45.8%. All cases took appropriate measures and had the wound dealt with in time. No blood-borne infections were found by detections conduct-ed afterwards. Conclusion In order to reduce the risk of occupational exposure effectively, we should strengthen the protection education and training among high-risk group, enhance the awareness of prevention, standardize operation and properly handle in time after exposure.
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