Approximately 480 base pairs of mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene were sequenced for 15 species of Delphao idae. Of 480 bp mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene sequences, the percentage of A +T was about 77. 5% , and 190 nu-cleotide sites were substituted (about 39. 6% ). The genetic distance of outgroup and ingroup, intergenus, interspe-cies and intraspecies were 0. 317, 0. 209, 0. 132 and 0. 013 respectively. The molecular phylogenetic trees constructed by parsimony method and neighbor-joining method suggest that the ingroup and outgroup are independent evolutionary branches. The genus and species formed monophyletic groups respectively, so accuracy identification is possible through the research of sequences. These results are identical with that of morphology.%采用DNA测序技术测定了中国飞虱科5属10种15个地理种群的线粒体16S rDNA基因长约480 bp片段的序列,分析了其序列组成及变异特征.所获序列中,A+T约占77.5％,其中,190个核苷酸位点发生了变异(约占39.6％).利用MEGA 4.0软件计算遗传距离,外群与内群的遗传距离平均值(0.317)最高,内群各属间和各属内遗传距离平均值(分别为0.209和0.132)次之,而种内不同地理种群间的遗传距离平均值(0.013)最低.构建了10种飞虱科昆虫的MP和NJ分子系统树,结果显示:各属飞虱基本上形成单系群；各种飞虱各自不同地理种群均聚为一支,构成一单系群,可以很好的区分不同种类的飞虱.上述结果与形态学研究结果非常吻合.
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