核糖体失活蛋白（ribosome-inactivating proteins，RIPs）是一类能够脱去真核细胞28S rRNA内SRL区域的A4342，从而破坏延伸因子与核糖体的结合，将蛋白质的生物合成抑制在延伸阶段的蛋白质家族。RIPs有Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型，苦瓜中已发现的α-苦瓜素、β-苦瓜素、γ-苦瓜素、δ-苦瓜素、ε-苦瓜素、MAP30等，均属于Ⅰ型RIPs。这些RIPs具有抗病毒、抗菌、抗虫害、抑制肿瘤细胞生长等生物学活性，受到了人们的广泛关注。本文从RIPs的分类、生物学活性、功能与应用等方面，对苦瓜中的RIPs进行了综述。%Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are a family of protein than can remove A4324 from the highly conserved and surface-exposed sarcin/ricin loop (SRL) in the 28S rRNA of eukaryotic ribosomes. The depurination destroys the interaction between elongation factors and ribosome, thereby resulting in the inactivation of ribosome and the inhibition of protein synthesis. RIPs can be classified into type I, type II and type III. The RIPs identified in Momordica charantia L., such asα-momorcharin,β-momorcharin,γ-momorcharin,δ-momorcharin,ε-momorcharin and MAP30, all belong to the type I RIPs. Antiviral, antibacterial, pesticidal and anti-tumor, hypolipidemia, hypoglycemia and other biologically activities have been reported for these RIPs. In this article, the classification, biologically activity, function and application of RIPs have been reviewed in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of bitter mellon RIPs.
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