亚麻籽麻纤维增强复合材料的制备及其力学性能

摘要

本文着重研究了亚麻籽麻纤维强度及其复合材料纵向拉伸和弯曲性能，旨在探求亚麻籽麻纤维在绿色复合材料领域的应用潜能。分别采用10 g／l NaOH和20 g／l NaOH对亚麻籽麻纤维进行脱胶处理。脱胶后纤维表面SEM照片显示，经20 g／l NaOH处理可脱除纤维表面大部分胶质，脱胶较为彻底和均匀。热处理对纤维的力学性能有较大影响，经150℃热处理后纤维强度下降了36．2％。选择低熔点PBS（聚丁二酸丁二醇酯）树脂与麻纤维采用热压成型制备了纤维体积分数为36％的复合材料。测试了复合材料的纵向拉伸和弯曲性能，并对破坏模式进行分析。结果显示：碱处理后，复合材料拉伸性能有所降低，弯曲强度分别提高了19．3％（10 g／l NaOH）和59．9％（20 g／l NaOH），20 g／l NaOH处理后复合材料的纵向弯曲强度为42．69 MPa。研究表明，亚麻籽麻纤维可用于制备热塑性复合材料，并具有较好的力学性能和应用前景。%This study involved the mechanical property of the flaxseed fiber bundles and its composites for their poten-tial useful applications in green composites.Two methods were opted to treat flaxseed fiber bundles by using NaOH with the strengths of 10g/l and 20g/l.The SEM micrographs showed that alkali treatment resulted in significantly better results in 20 g/L NaOH treated sample which was relatively thorough and uniform.Temperature has a significant effect on the fiber strength.Fiber strength decreased by 36.2%when treated under 150℃.Flaxseed fiber/PBS(Poly butylene succinate)com-posites (36%volume fraction) were prepared by the hot pressing process.Tensile and flexural strength of the composites along longitudinal direction were tested,and the fracture morphology was obtained by SEM.The result showed that the ten-sile strength of the composites slightly reduced while the flexural strength significantly increased 19.3%(10 g/l NaOH) and 59.9%(20g/l NaOH).The flexural strength of the composites treated by 20 g/L NaOH was 42.69MPa.This study provid-ed significant fundamental data about Flaxseed/PBS composites and its properties that can prove very useful for their future potential applications.