引言苯胺是一种重要的有机中间体,广泛应用于聚氨酯、橡胶助剂和医药等领域[1-3].硝基苯催化加氢法合成苯胺是目前应用较为广泛的工艺之一.其生产方法主要有硝基苯Fe粉还原法、苯酚氨碱法和硝基苯催化加氢法[4],其中,硝基苯催化加氢法以原料价廉易得、生产工序少等特点而得到人们的关注和重视[5-6].%The process of nitrobenzene hydrogenation to aniline using an amorphous Ni-Mo-P alloy as the catalyst and the deactivation mechanism of the amorphous Ni-Mo-P alloy catalyst were studied. Investigation of the effects of reaction time, temperature, and hydrogen pressure on nitrobenzene hydrogenation to aniline using the Ni-Mo-P catalyst revealed optimum conditions as 90 min, 383 K, and 1. 8 Mpa. Under these conditions, the yield of aniline reached 98. 2% using the amorphous Ni-Mo-P catalyst after nitrobenzene hydrogenation for 15 h, indicating excellent activity stability of the amorphous Ni-Mo-P catalyst. Deactivation of the amorphous Ni-Mo-P catalyst was due mainly to nitrobenzene hydrogenation byproducts covering the catalyst activity sites, which made it difficult for reactant molecules to access the catalyst activity sites and was highly unfavorable to the catalytic reaction.
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