百岁老人的膳食种类及主要营养成份调查分析

摘要

Objective To make a survey of the nutritional composition of the diets of centenarians.rnMethods Thirty-four centenarians were selected as subjects. Retrospective surveys were made on the rnvariety and amounts of food consumed and their nutritional composition. Physical examinations with rnlaboratory tests such as cardiograms, ultrasonic B rays, and blood, urine and hair tests were performed.rnNeutron activation testing was done on hair content. The transmission turbidimetric method was used to rnmeasure apolipoprotein content.rnResults The main food of the centenarians showed the characteristics of low calories, protein and fat but rnhigh fiber and mineral content. Laboratory results showed that the content of the elements of Cu, Se and rnMn in hair was higher ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Zn was normal. The apoA1/apoB100 ratio was higher than in the control rngroup ( P ＜ 0.01), and total cholesterol (TC) was lower than in the control group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).rnConclusions The variety of diet and its nutritional composition may be the main factors influencing not rnonly the content of elements in body, but also the levels of apoA1 and apoB100, which may be helpful in rnpreventing arteriosclerosis and forming and maintaining immunity. The diet of these centenarians might aid rnin preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and malignant tumors.%目的探讨百岁老人的膳食种类及主要营养成分。rn方法以沂蒙山区34名百岁老人为对象，回顾性调查其膳食种类及主要营养成分，并进行系统查体及心rn电图、B超、血液、尿、头发的实验室检测。其中头发元素含量用中子活化法测定，载脂蛋白含量用透射比rn浊法测定。rn结果本组百岁老人的膳食特点是低脂肪、低蛋白、低热量、高维生素。实验室检查表现为头发微量元素rn铜(Cu)、硒(Se)、锰(Mn)含量较高(P＜0.01)，锌(Zn)正常；apoA1/apoB100比值较对照组高(P＜0.01)；TC较rn对照组低(P＜0.01)。rn结论膳食种类及营养成份是影响体内元素含量的主要因素，也可能影响apoA1、apoB100水平。这些物质rn因素既有助于抗动脉硬化从而预防心脑血管病的发生，又有助于正常免疫功能的形成及维持，使这些百岁rn老人避免严重危害健康与寿命的心脑血管病及恶性肿瘤，而得以健康长寿。