基于ICD-11和ICF的智力残疾术语、诊断和分类研究

摘要

Objective To review the nomenclature and terminology, diagnostic criteria, classification and evaluation of intellectual disability using WHO ICD-11 and ICF.Methods The theories and approaches of ICD-11 and ICF were adopted to analyze the nomenclature and terminology, diagnostic criteria, classification and evaluation of intellectual disability.Results ICD-11 and ICF had established the nomenclature and terminology, diagnostic criteria, classification and evaluation of intellectual disability from the perspectives of content model of ICD-11 and functioning of ICF respectively. Intellectual disability had used nomenclature of disorder of intellectual development and one of sub-categories of mental, behavioral or neurodevelopmental disorders. Intellectual disability was also defined as both impairment of intellectual function (b117) and functional limitation of adaptive behaviors (d1-d9) using ICF. Occurrence age of intellectual disability was before 18 years old for diagnostic criteria of ICD-11 and ICF.Conclusion The nomenclature and terminology, diagnostic criteria and classifications of intellectual disability have been reviewed and updated using the theories and approaches of ICD-11 and ICF. It provides theoretical supports, approaches, and standardized tools for the development of rehabilitation service for people with intellectual disability.%目的 基于ICD-11和ICF,探讨当代智力残疾的术语和命名、诊断、分类架构和评定方法.方法 采用ICD-11与ICF理论与方法,分析当代智力残疾的命名与术语、诊断标准、分类体系以及评定方法.结果 应用ICD-11和ICF分别从疾病与功能的角度建立智力残疾的术语、疾病和功能诊断标准以及评定方法.ICD-11从疾病分类的角度将智力残疾命名为智力发育障碍,属于精神、行为或神经发育障碍的一个亚类.ICF将智力残疾确定为智力功能障碍(b117)和应性行为功能障碍(d1～d9).两种分类标准均确认智力残疾的发生年龄在18岁之前.结论 基于ICD-11与ICF建立了智力残疾的命名和术语体系、分类架构、疾病和功能诊断标准与评定方法,为构建智力残疾康复服务体系提供理论支持与标准化工具.