大电导钙激活钾通道对平滑肌的调控作用研究进展

摘要

Potassium channels are important to distribute in almost each tissue and implicated with many functions of cells, such as the formation of action potential and signal transduction. Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel ( BKca/Maxi K) is one of the potassium channels and expressed in many types of cells. The activation of BKca/Maxi K is able to induce the hyperpolarization of plasma membrane and the inhibition of voltagedependent calcium channel activity. So BKca/Maxi K plays an important role in the relaxation of smooth muscle.The pathogenesis of many diseases is also involved in activation and inactivation, expression, or mutation of this potassium channel. BKca/Maxi K participates in the regulation of cardiovascular smooth muscle, myometrial smooth muscle, smooth muscle in the airway and penile erection. Especially, the gene therapy of BKca/Maxi K to erectile dysfunction enjoys some advantages over medication.%钾通道是组织器官中的一种重要通道,几乎所有的组织中都有该通道的分布,并且它在调节细胞功能方面起着极其重要的作用,例如动作电位的形成和信号传导等.大电导钙激活钾通道(BKca/Maxi K)以其广泛的分布,以及参与调节多种细胞功能吸引了更多研究者的关注.BKca/Maxi K的激活可导致细胞膜的超极化,从而抑制电压依赖性钙通道的激活,抑制钙离子内流,引起平滑肌舒张.近年来研究发现,BKca/Maxi K的激活、失活和变异与多种疾病的发病有关,BKca/Maxi K对心血管平滑肌、子宫平滑肌、呼吸道平滑肌和阴茎勃起等具有调控作用,尤其是其基因疗法对阴茎勃起障碍的治疗逐渐显现出较大的优势.