军医大学新生心理问题及心理健康服务的需求研究

摘要

Objective To investigate psychological trouble of freshmen and their needs for mental health services in military medical university. Methods An half-open questionnaire was employed to evaluate 854 freshmen by group-style in military medical university.Results ①Freshmen were most concemed about their training stress,soldier role adaptation and emotional trouble,etc.As compared with the male,the rate of emotional trouble and interpersonal conflict of female were increased obviously ( P＜0.05 ).②The most important factor resulting in psychological problems was poor self-control,learning and training stress,military management,and so on.③The most attracting style of mental health services was communication with psychological personnel,psychological manual and movie,psychological lectures,and so on.As compared with the male,the rate of female were increased in individual counseling obviously ( P＜0.01 ).④Freshmen most focused on education of general psychological knowledge,emotion and stress management,soldier role adaptation,and so on.As compared with the male,the rate of female were increased in emotion and stress management,decreased in service role adaptation obviously ( P＜0.05 ).⑤Freshmen were most interested in emotion management,self-awareness,soldier role adaptation,and so on.As compared with the male,the rate of female were increased in emotion management training and profession programming,decreased in soldier role adaptation obviously ( P＜0.05 ).Conclusion Freshmen's psychological problems and needs for mental health services showed obvious gender difference.Military mental health services should be focused on development objectives,specification of ser-vices , and improvement of the service availability in military medical university.%目的 探讨军医大学新生存在的心理问题及其对心理健康服务的需求.方法 采用自编的心理问题及心理健康需求半开放式问卷对某军医大学854名新生进行调查.结果 ①军医大学新生最为常见的心理问题为训练压力、角色适应、情绪问题等.女生情绪和人际关系问题明显多于男生(P＜0.05).②新生心理问题的影响因素主要是自我调节能力差、学习训练压力和部队管理等.③新生最喜欢的心理健康服务方式是与心理专业人员进行交流、阅读书籍观看影视和心理讲座等.女生比男生更愿意接受个别咨询(P＜0.01).④新生最希望开展的心理健康教育内容是心理学常识、情绪与压力管理和服役角色调适等.女生更加关注情绪与压力管理,男生更加关注服役角色调适(P＜0.05).⑤新生最希望开展的心理训练项目是情绪调控、自我认识和角色适应训练等.男生更加关注角色适应训练,女生更加关注情绪调控和职业规划训练(P＜0.05).结论 军医大学新生心理问题及心理健康需求存在明显的性别差异,心理健康服务要充分考虑人群特点和需求差异,构建服务模式,细化服务目标、内容和形式,提高心理健康服务的适用性.