《鹿特丹规则》的权利转让制度在运费支付义务中的应用

摘要

《中华人民共和国海商法》的运费支付制度缺少了托运人的运费支付义务向提单受让人的移转机制,使得与实践存在接轨问题.基于英国法上的"合同转让制度"和《鹿特丹规则》的"权利转让制度"的对比,《鹿特丹规则》的"权利转让制度"更适合构建中国海商法上的义务移转制度.同时,《中华人民共和国海商法》对于运费支付主体的推定方式极大地限缩了"权利转让制度"的适用范围.在运费主体的规定上,应当采纳《鹿特丹规则》关于"运费预付"的推定方式.%"Transfer of liability to pay freight" from shipper to indorsee is not provided in Maritime Code of the People's Republic of China,which has led to practical problems.Based on the comparison between "contractual transfer" system in the British law and that of "right of transfer" in the Rotterdam Rules,it is found that the latter can be implanted to China.Moreover,it is suggested to adopt the freight prepaid mode in the Rotterdam Rules to deal with the basic question that the transfer of right system should be applied in a wider scope which is now constrained by the presumed mode in Maritime Code of the People's Republic of China concerning the party from whom the freight is due.