饲粮结构性碳水化合物与非结构性碳水化合物比例对肉兔生长性能和肠黏膜免疫的影响

摘要

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary structural carbohydrate to nonstructural carbohydrate ratio ( SC/NSC) on growth performance and intestinal mucosa immunity of meat rabbits. A total of 180 healthy New Zealand weaning pups with similar body weight were randomly divided into 5 groups with 36 replicates per group and 1 rabbit per replicate. Rabbits in the 5 groups were fed the experimental diets with different SC/NSC (22∶38, 25∶35, 28∶32, 31∶29 and 34∶26). The experiment lasted for 29 days. The results showed as follows:1) with dietary SC/NSC increasing, the average daily feed intake was increasing, the av-erage daily gain was firstly increased and then decreased, and the ratio of feed to gain was firstly decreased and then increased. 2) The diarrhea rate, mortality, health risk index and the average diarrheal time were decreased with dietary SC/NSC increasing ( P>0.05) . 3) With dietary SC/NSC increasing, the contents of interleukin 2 ( IL-2) and secreted immunoglobulin A ( SIgA) in the small intestinal mucosa were increased, but the contents of interleukin 6 ( IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α ( TNF-α) in the small intestinal mucosa were firstly de-creased and then increased. It is concluded that dietary SC/NSC can influence the intestinal mucosa IL-2 con-tent, stimulate the secretion of SIgA and improve intestinal immune function. From the viewpoint of reduction of diarrhea rate and mortality, the best dietary SC/NSC is 34∶26.%本试验旨在研究饲粮结构性碳水化合物与非结构性碳水化合物比例( SC/NSC)对肉兔生长性能和肠黏膜免疫的影响。选择180只体重接近的健康新西兰断奶仔兔，随机分为5组，每组36个重复，每个重复1只。各组分别饲喂SC/NSC为22∶38、25∶35、28∶32、31∶29、34∶26的试验饲粮。试验期29 d。结果表明：1)随着饲粮SC/NSC的增加，试验兔平均日采食量显著升高( P<0.05)，平均日增重先升高后降低，料重比先降低后升高。2)试验兔的腹泻率、死亡率、健康风险指数和平均腹泻时间均随着饲粮SC/NSC的升高而降低。3)随着饲粮SC/NSC的增加，肠黏膜白细胞介素2(IL-2)和分泌型免疫球蛋白 A(SIgA)含量增加，肠黏膜白细胞介素6( IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α( TNF-α)含量先降低后升高。由此可见，饲粮SC/NSC会通过影响肠黏膜IL-2含量，刺激SIgA的分泌，提高肠道免疫机能。从降低腹泻率和死亡率的角度考虑，饲粮SC/NSC以34∶26为最佳。