嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉籽粕对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响

摘要

本试验旨在研究嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉籽粕对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响。试验选用21日龄健康黄羽肉鸡公鸡180只，随机分成3组，分别为Ⅰ组（对照组）、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组，每组6个重复，每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂含6％棉籽粕的基础饲粮，Ⅱ组饲喂含6％嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉籽粕的试验饲粮，Ⅲ组饲喂在含6％棉籽粕的基础饲粮中添加7×104 CFU／g的嗜酸乳杆菌的试验饲粮。试验期分为2个阶段，21～42日龄和43～64日龄。结果表明：1）21～42日龄时，与对照组相比，Ⅱ组黄羽肉鸡的平均日增重（ADG）提高了8．61％（P＜0．05），料重比（ F／G）下降了7．69％（ P＜0．05）；Ⅲ组的ADG、平均日采食量（ ADFI）和F／G均无显著差异（P＞0．05）。与Ⅲ组相比，Ⅱ组的ADG提高了4．56％（P＜0．05）。43～64日龄时，与对照组相比，Ⅱ组的ADG提高了12．32％（ P＜0．05）；Ⅲ组的ADG、ADFI和F／G均无显著差异（ P＞0．05）。与Ⅲ组相比，Ⅱ组的ADG提高了8．20％（ P＜0．05）。21～64日龄时，各组的ADG、ADFI和F／G均无显著差异（P＞0．05）。2）42日龄时，与对照组相比，Ⅱ组黄羽肉鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率和全净膛率分别提高了2．99％、7．55％和12．33％（ P＜0．05）；Ⅲ组的屠宰性能指标无显著差异（P＞0．05）。与Ⅲ组相比，Ⅱ组的屠宰率和半净膛率分别提高了3．43％和6．38％（P＜0．05）。64日龄时，与对照组相比，Ⅱ组的屠宰率、胸肌率和腿肌率分别提高了5．27％、8．92％和7．05％（ P＜0．05），半净膛率提高了6．84％（P＜0．01）；Ⅲ组的屠宰性能指标均无显著差异（P＞0．05）。与Ⅲ组相比，Ⅱ组的屠宰率、半净膛率和胸肌率分别提高了4．08％、4．35％和5．16％（P＜0．05）。3）42日龄时，与对照组相比，Ⅱ组黄羽肉鸡的血清总蛋白（ TP ）和白蛋白（ ALB ）含量分别提高了10．06％和12．60％（ P＜0．05），血清尿素氮（ UN）含量降低了46．76％（ P＜0．01）；Ⅲ组的血清生化指标无显著差异（P＞0．05）。与Ⅲ组相比，Ⅱ组的血清 TP 和 ALB 含量分别提高了9．58％和13．10％（P＜0．05），血清UN含量降低了47．88％（P＜0．01）。64日龄时，与对照组相比，Ⅱ组的血清钙（ Ca）含量提高了11．74％（ P＜0．05），血清UN含量降低了37．40％（ P＜0．01）；Ⅲ组的血清生化指标无显著差异（P＞0．05）。与Ⅲ组相比，Ⅱ组的血清UN含量降低了40．58％（P＜0．01）。由此可见，饲粮中添加发酵棉籽粕可改善黄羽肉鸡的生长性能和屠宰性能，增强黄羽肉鸡对蛋白质、脂肪和Ca等营养物质的消化吸收。%This study was conducted to examine the effects of cottonseed meal fermented by Lactobacillus aci⁃dophilus on growth performance, slaughter performance and biochemical indexes in serum of yellow⁃feathered broilers. One hundred and eighty 21⁃day⁃old healthy male yellow⁃feathered broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicate. The three groups were groups Ⅰ ( control group) , ⅡandⅢ, the broilers in the control group were fed the basal diet included 6% cottonseed meal, and those in group Ⅱ were fed the experimental diet included 6% fermented cottonseed meal, the others in groupⅢ were fed the basal diet included 6% cottonseed meal and 7.00×104 CFU/g Lactobacillus acidophilus. The experimental period included two phases of 21 to 42 days of age and 43 to 64 days of age. The results showed as follows:1) at 21 to 42 days of age, compared with the control group, average daily gain ( ADG) of yellow⁃feathered broilers in group Ⅱ was significantly increased by 8.61% ( P<0.05) and the ratio of feed to gain ( F/G) in group Ⅱ was significantly decreased by 7. 69% ( P<0. 05 ) , and average daily feed intake ( ADFI) , ADG and F/G in group Ⅲ had no significant differences ( P>0.05) . ADG in group Ⅱ was signifi⁃cantly increased by 4.56% compared with group Ⅲ (P<0.05). At 43 to 64 days of age, compared with the control group, ADG in group Ⅱ was significantly increased by 12.32% (P<0.05), and ADFI, ADG and F/G in group Ⅲ had no significant differences (P>0.05). ADG in group Ⅱ was significantly increased by 8.20% compared with groupⅢ( P<0.05) . At 21 to 64 days of age, ADFI, ADG and F/G had no significant differences among all groups (P>0.05). 2) At 42 days of age, compared with the control group, dressing percentage, percentage of half⁃eviscerated yield and percentage of eviscerated yield of yellow⁃feathered broilers in group Ⅱ were significantly increased by 2.99%, 7.55% and 12.33% (P<0.05), respectively; and the slaughter performance indexes in group Ⅲ had no significant differences (P>0.05). The dressing percentage and percentage of half⁃eviscerated yield in group Ⅱ were significantly increased by 3. 43% and 6. 38% com⁃pared with group Ⅲ (P<0.05). At 64 days of age, compared with the control group, dressing percentage, percentage of breast muscle and percentage of leg muscle in groupⅡ were significantly increased by 5. 27%, 8.92% and 7.05% ( P<0.05) , respectively, and percentage of half⁃eviscerated yield in group Ⅱ was signifi⁃cantly increased by 6.84% (P<0.01); and the slaughter performance indexes in group Ⅲ had no significant differences ( P>0.05) . The dressing percentage, percentage of half⁃eviscerated yield and percentage of breast muscle in group Ⅱ were significantly increased by 4.08%, 4.35% and 5.16% compared with group Ⅲ ( P<0.05) . 3) At 42 days of age, compared with the control group, the contents of total protein ( TP) and albu⁃min ( ALB) in serum of yellow⁃feathered broilers in group Ⅱ were significantly increased by 10. 06% and 12.60% ( P<0.05) , respectively, and the content of serum urea nitrogen ( UN) in group Ⅱ was significantly decreased by 46.76% ( P<0.01); and the biochemical indexes in serum in group Ⅲ had no significant differ⁃ences ( P>0.05) . Compared with group Ⅲ, the contents of TP and ALB in serum in group Ⅱ were signifi⁃cantly increased by 9.58% and 13.10% ( P<0.05) , respectively, and the content of UN in serum in group Ⅱwas significantly decreased by 47.88% (P<0.05). At 64 days of age, compared with the control group, the content of calcium ( Ca) in serum in groupⅡwas significantly increased by 11.74% ( P<0.05) , and the con⁃tent of UN in groupⅡwas significantly decreased by 37.40% ( P<0.01);and the biochemical indexes in ser⁃um in group Ⅲ had no significant differences ( P>0.05) . The content of UN in groupⅡ was significantly de⁃creased by 40.58% compared with group Ⅲ ( P<0.01) . In conclusion, dietary fermented cottonseed meal can improve the growth performance and slaughter performance of yellow⁃feathered broilers, enhance digestion and absorption of nutrients such as protein, fat and Ca of yellow⁃feathered broilers.