不同钙、磷水平饲粮对12～15月龄梅花鹿生长性能、营养物质消化率及钙、磷代谢的影响

摘要

This experiment aimed to study the effects of diets with different calcium and phosphorus levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, calcium and phosphorus metabolism of 12 to 15 months old sika deer, in order to confirm the appropriate calcium and phosphorus levels for 12 to 15 months old sika deer. Six⁃teen healthy male sika deer of similar hereditary were randomly divided into four groups, and the difference in body weight was not significant among groups ( P>0.05) . Each group contained four replicates and each repli⁃cate had one deer. The levels of calcium and phosphorus in the four groups were 0. 49% and 0. 33% ( groupⅠ), 0.82% and 0.56% (group Ⅱ), 1.16% and 0.80% (group Ⅲ), 1.61% and 1.12% (group Ⅳ), re⁃spectively. The experimental period was from May 15th, 2015 to August 7th, 2015. The results showed as fol⁃lows:1) there were no significant differences in body weight, average daily gain ( ADG) , average daily feed intake ( ADFI) and feed weight ratio ( F/G) of 12 to 15 months old sika deer in different time among four groups ( P>0.05) . From the whole experimental period, the growth performance of group Ⅳ was better than other three groups. 2) Serum calcium level in groupⅢwas significantly lower than that in groupsⅠandⅣon the 30th day (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among four groups on the other time points ( the 1st day, the 60th day and the 83rd day) ( P>0.05) . As the extension of experimental time, serum calci⁃um level in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ had no significant change ( P>0.05) , but the group Ⅳ showed a gradually upward trend, and obtained the highest value of 2.415 nmol/L on the 83rd day which significantly higher than the value of 2.280 nmol/L on the 1st day ( P<0.05) . There was no significant difference in serum phosphorus level among different groups on the same time point ( P>0.05) , and the serum phosphorus level in each group had no significant change on different time points ( P>0.05) . Serum magnesium level in group Ⅰ was signifi⁃cantly higher than that in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ on the 1st day (P<0.05), and significantly higher than that in group Ⅲon the 30th day ( P<0.05) . As the extension of experimental time, serum magnesium level in groupsⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ had no significant change ( P>0.05) , but the group Ⅳ showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing and it on the 30th day and the 60th day was significantly higher than that on the 1st day and the 83rd day (P<0.05). 3) Serum testosterone and estradiol levels showed no significant changes in each group ( P>0.05) , and serum parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin levels and alkaline phosphatase activity also showed no significant changes with the calcium and phosphorus levels increasing ( P> 0.05) . 4) During the whole ex⁃perimental period, the digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, calcium and phosphorus in the groupⅢwas the highest, and the digestibility of calcium and phosphorus was 51.08% and 67.71%, respectively. In conclusion, dietary calcium and phosphate levels have no significant effects on the serum sex hormone, calcium, magnesi⁃um and phosphate levels of 12 to 15 months old sika deer, but the nutrient digestibility is the highest in groupⅢ, so it is recommended that diet with 1.16% calcium and 0.80% phosphorus is suitable for 12 to 15 months old sika deer.%本试验旨在通过研究不同钙、磷水平饲粮对12～15月龄梅花鹿生长性能、营养物质消化率及钙、磷代谢的影响，确定该时期适宜的饲粮钙、磷水平。选取16头健康、遗传特性相近的12月龄雄性梅花鹿，随机分为4组（每组4个重复，每个重复1头），组间体重无显著差异（ P＞0．05）。4组饲粮钙、磷水平分别为0．49％、0．33％（Ⅰ组），0．82％、0．56％（Ⅱ组），1．16％、0．80％（Ⅲ组）和1．61％、1．12％（Ⅳ组）。试验从2015年5月15日开始，至2015年8月7日结束。结果表明：1）各组12～15月龄梅花鹿各时期体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比的差异均不显著（ P＞0．05）。从整个试验期看，以Ⅳ组的生长性能较优。2）除第30天时Ⅲ组血清钙水平显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组（P＜0．05）外，其他时间点（第1天、第60天、第83天）各组之间差异不显著（P＞0．05）。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组血清钙水平随试验时间的延长均没有产生显著变化（P＞0．05），而Ⅳ组则随试验时间的延长呈现逐渐升高趋势，在第83天时表现最高，为2．415 nmol／L，显著高于第1天的2．280 nmol／L（ P＜0．05）。血清磷水平在同一时间点不同组别之间无显著差异（ P＞0．05），同一组不同时间点之间也没有显著差异（ P＞0．05）。试验第1天，Ⅰ组血清镁水平显著高于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组（P＜0．05）；试验第30天，Ⅰ组血清镁水平显著高于Ⅲ组（P＜0．05）。随试验时间的延长，Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组血清镁水平无显著变化（ P＞0．05），但Ⅳ组血清镁水平则表现为先升高后降低的趋势，第30天和第60天时显著高于第1天和第83天时（ P＜0．05）。3）各组间血清睾酮和雌二醇水平均无显著变化（ P＞0．05）；血清甲状旁腺素、骨钙素水平及碱性磷酸酶活性随着饲粮钙、磷水平的升高无显著变化（ P＞0．05）。4）从整个试验期看，12～15月龄梅花鹿粗蛋白质和粗脂肪消化率以Ⅲ组最高，钙、磷消化率也以Ⅲ组最高，Ⅲ组钙消化率达到51．08％、磷消化率达到67．71％。由此得出，饲粮钙、磷水平对12～15月龄梅花鹿血清性激素及钙、磷、镁水平无显著影响，但营养物质消化率以Ⅲ组最高，因此推荐此时期饲粮钙、磷水平分别为1．16％和0．80％。