乳酸菌胞外多糖具有免疫调节和抗肿瘤、改善食品质地和口感等多种独特的功能特性,其分子结构多样性是影响功能的主要因素之一.乳酸菌胞外多糖的结构解析是研究其功能性和构效关系的前提和基础.本文根据乳酸菌胞外多糖结构解析过程中的关键步骤,总结了乳酸菌胞外多糖的分离纯化、初级结构及高级结构解析技术方法的研究进展,讨论了化学分析、仪器分析以及计算机辅助技术等多元技术方法在乳酸菌胞外多糖结构解析领域的综合运用,并对乳酸菌胞外多糖的结构研究的发展前景进行了展望.%Exopolysaccharides (EPSs), produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), have been used primarily to improve the quality and taste of food, also possess a variety of unique biological functions, such as immunoregulation and anti-tumor activities. The diversity of molecular structural characteristics of LAB-generated EPSs represents one of the main factors responsible for this plethora of functions. Accordingly, the structural analysis of the EPSs produced by LAB is both a prerequisite and basis for examining its functional and structure-activity relationships. In this article, we summarized the current progress of key methodologies involved in the structural analysis of LAB-generated EPSs, including their isolation, purification, primary structure and advances in structural research. A comprehensive discussion regarding the application of chemical analysis, instrument analysis and computer aided technology in the structure analysis of LAB-generated EPSs was provided. Further, the future development of the research on the structure of LAB-generated EPSs was presented.
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