盘锦市稻田水分生产率及水分生产函数研究

摘要

为寻找提高灌溉水分生产率的途径和突破口,采用统计资料、卫星遥感数据和地面气象数据相结合的方法,计算了2005-2013年间盘锦市稻田面积上水稻生育期内的有效降水量、蒸发蒸腾量、各年稻田的总灌溉耗水量,以及稻田蒸发蒸腾水分生产率和灌溉水分生产率,并建立以地级市为单元水稻水分生产函数.结果表明,近9年来盘锦稻田蒸发蒸腾和灌溉水分生产率年平均值分别为2.718、1.170 kg/m3;水稻生育期内的年平均蒸发蒸腾量为341.2 mm,年有效降水量为139.3 mm,年平均灌溉耗水量为720.4 mm,有效降水对蒸发蒸腾量的贡献率为40.8%,灌溉对蒸发蒸腾量的贡献率为59.2%;修正的Jensen模型适合于盘锦市多年间稻田面积上"作物-水分"关系表达,统计值和模拟值线性关系显著,7月份敏感指数最小,9月份敏感指数最大.本研究旨在为区域稻田蒸发蒸腾量不同水分来源的构成分析及Jensen模型在区域中的应用提供思路和借鉴.%In order to find a new way to raise the water productivity, the effective precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET) of rice growth season and irrigation water (I) in each year were calculated from 2005 to 2013 for rice field in Panjin based on the statistical data, satellite remote data and ground meteorological data.The water productivity base on ET and I were also calculated respectively.Meanwhile, rice water production function was developed based on a unit of Panjin.The results showed that these two different water productivity averages were 2.718 and 1.170 kg/m3, respectively.The average evapotranspiration of rice field for each growth season was 341.2 mm and the corresponding effective precipitation was 139.3 mm.The average annual of consumption irrigation water was 720.4 mm and the effective precipitation's contribution to ET was 40.8%.The irrigation's contribution to the ET was 59.2%.Jensen model was suitable for Panjin years "crop-water" relationship expression of the paddy field area.Statistics and simulation values can be described by a linear relationship.The sensitive index was the highest in July and the smallest in September.The study provided a unique approach for the analysis of different water sources in ET of regional paddy field and an example of Jensen model application in the regional area.