Background and purpose:Inlfammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic intestinal diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). This study identified differentially expressed miRNAs in UC, CD and colitis-associated colorectal cancers (CAC) to explore their potential as novel molecular biomarkers. Methods:Tissue samples were taken from 13 UC patients, 3 CD patients, 12 CAC patients, and 8 age-and gender-matched healthy controls. The miRNA expressions were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) assay. Known targets of deregulated miRNAs were utilized using miRWalk 2.0 database, and subsequent bioinformatics analysis of these target genes was performed by DAVID software (GO-analysis, KEGG-analysis and BIOCARTA-analysis). Results:The data showed that miR-146a, miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-20a and miR-21 were upregulated in UC, CD and CAC tissues compared with normal control. Moreover, the target genes of these miRNAs were enriched in several key signal transduction pathways including cancer-related pathway and immu-nity-associated pathway. Conclusion:miR-146a, miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-20a and miR-21 may play important roles in the switching from IBD to CAC.%背景与目的：炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel diseases，IBD)为一组慢性肠道疾病，包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis，UC)与克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease，CD)。肠炎相关性结直肠癌(colitis-associated col-orectal cancers，CAC)是由IBD癌化形成的一种恶性肿瘤。该研究通过检测UC、CD和CAC组织中相关微小核糖核酸(miRNA)的水平，初步探讨其作为肠炎癌转化分子标志物的可能性，并对在肠炎和CAC中显著变化的一组miRNAs进行靶基因归集和生物信息学分析，为以miRNAs为靶点的基因治疗提供理论和实验基础。方法：采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time lfuorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction，RTFQ-PCR)技术，检测13例UC组织、3例CD患者组织、12例CAC组织及8例正常肠组织中16种miRNAs的表达。通过生物信息学对显著变化的一组miRNA进行靶基因分析，将文献中已报导的所有靶基因进行汇总，并利用DAVID数据库对靶基因进行功能富集分析(GO-analysis)和信号转导通路富集分析(KEGG-analysis，BIOCARTA-analysis)。结果：炎症相关miR-146a和癌症相关miR-27a、miR-29a、miR-20a、miR-21在UC、CD和CAC中的表达都显著高于正常结肠组织，且这一组miRNA的靶基因都富集在癌症相关通路、免疫信号相关通路和炎癌转换相关通路上。结论：miR-146a、miR-27a、miR-29a、miR-20a和miR-21可能是参与肠炎向结直肠癌转化的一组miRNA。
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