加速康复外科理念下治疗性内镜逆行胰胆管造影术应用于老年胆胰疾病患者的安全性及有效性研究

摘要

目的 研究加速康复外科理念(ERAS)下老年胆胰疾病患者行治疗性内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)的安全性和有效性.方法 纳入ERCP操作患者320例.ERAS老年组(实验组A组)58例(年龄≥75岁)和中青年组(对照组B组)202例(年龄<60岁);传统围手术期管理老年组(对照组C组)60例(年龄≥75岁).分别对A、B组,A、C组术前、术中及术后多项临床指标进行比较.结果 术前ERAS老年组胆管癌、多种合并症、营养筛查≥3分、麻醉医师协会分级(ASA)Ⅲ度和Child-Pugh评分A级发生率多于中青年组(P <0.05);恶心呕吐和腹痛、营养筛查<3分和ASA评分Ⅰ度发生率少于中青年组(P <0.05);ERAS老年组禁食饮时间短于传统老年组(P <0.05).术中ERAS老年组手术操作时间明显长于传统老年组(P <0.05).术后ERAS老年组持续心电监护和首次排气时间长于中青年组(P <0.05);ERAS老年组成功率、失败率、并发症发生率分别为91.38%(53/58)、8.62%(5/58)、3.45%(2/58),中青年组为96.53%(195/202)、3.47%(7/202)、4.95%(10/202),差异无统计学意义(P >0.05).ERAS老年组轻度疼痛多于和中、重度少于传统老年组(P <0.05);ERAS老年组阿片类药物使用率、鼻胆管留置、首次下床活动及排气、总住院及术后住院时间少于传统老年组(P <0.05).结论 ERAS下ERCP应用于老年患者同中青年人一样安全、有效.%Objective To study the safety and efficacy of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in elderly patients with biliary and pancreatic diseases under the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). Methods 320 patients were enrolled in ERCP operation. Both ERAS elderly group (experimental group A, n = 58, above 75 years) and young and middle-aged group (control group B, n=202,below 60 years)underwent enhanced recovery after surgery,meanwhile traditional elderly group(control group C, n = 60, above 75 years) received traditional perioperative management. It had compared multiple clinical indexes between group A with B and group A with C during the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative period. Results The incidence rate of cholangiocarcinoma, multiple complications, nutrition screening ≥ 3 points, ASA scored III degree and Child-Pugh scored A-level in preoperative ERAS elderly patients were higher than that of the young and middle-aged group (P < 0.05); And its incidence rate of nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain,nutritional screening < 3 points and ASA scored I degree were lower than that of the middle-aged group (P < 0.05);the fasting and water- deprivation time of the ERAS elderly group was shorter than that of the traditional elderly group (P < 0.05). The intraoperative operation time of the elderly ERAS group was slightly longer than that of the traditional elderly group (P < 0.05). The duration of electrocardiographic monitoring and the first aerofluxus time of the elderly patients with ERAS were longer than that of the young and middle-aged group (P < 0.05). The success, failure rate, and complication rate of the elderly patients with ERAS were 91.38% (53/58) and 8.62% (5 /58), 3.45% (2/58), meanwhile the young and middle-aged group were 96.53% (195/202), 3.47% (7/202), and 4.95% (10/202), and with no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The mild pain in ERAS elderly group was more than that of in traditional elderly group, while the moderate, and severe pain was less than that of traditional elderly group (P < 0.05); The opioid use rate, endoscopic nasobiliary indwelling, first-time ambulation and aerofluxus, total hospitalization, and postoperative hospitalization time of ERAS elderly group was less than the traditional elderly group (P < 0.05). Conclusions With ERAS, the treatment effect of ERCP in elderly patients is similar to that in young and middle-aged people, and it has good safety and effectiveness.