酵母菌利用木糖发酵生产乙醇的研究进展

摘要

In the biological conversion of ethanol from lignocelluloses, the hydrolysis of lignocelluloses for monosacchride is the first step. Xylose was the second major monosacchride followed by glucose in the hydrolysates of lignocelluloses. Efficient utilization of xylose to ethanol production is one of critical points for fuel ethanol production from lignocelluloses. However, few natural microorganisms observed for conversion of ethanol from xylose. Compared to bacteria and other fungals, yeast has significant advantages. Ethanol production mechanism of yeast from xylose and advanced research on strains breeding, which included mutation, protolast fusion, application of genetic engineering and protein engineering, were reviewed in the paper and the applications was prospected.%纤维燃料乙醇的生产,第一步为木质纤维素水解为单糖.在木质纤维素水解液的单糖中,木糖含量仅次于葡萄糖.充分利用木糖发酵生产乙醇是纤维素燃料乙醇生产的关键之一,然而缺乏可有效转化木糖生成乙醇的天然菌种,因此对木糖发酵菌种的研究具有重要意义.相比细菌及其他真菌,酵母菌发酵木糖生产乙醇具有显著优势.该文主要针对酵母菌的木糖代谢生产乙醇的机理及其近年来的育种研究,包括诱变育种、原生质体融合及基因工程和蛋白质工程育种等方面进行综述,并对其应用前景进行展望.