A new experiment was designed to investigate microbial fouling characteristics on heat exchanger of electroless plating of Ni-P. In this paper,the surface of low-carbon steel sheet,which is common for heat exchanger,was modified by using the method of electroless Ni-P and low-carbon steels before and after electroless Ni-P,and pictures were taken by scanning electron microscopy. A comparative experiment was designed to investigate microbial fouling characteristics of low-carbon steel sheet and low-carbon steel sheet with electroless plating of Ni-P. Slime-forming bacteria that was isolated and purified from Songhua River is chosen as the strains. The changes of fouling were recorded by the method of weighing,and the changes of bacterial counts were recorded by the method of optical turbidity. The results of the experimental show that the surface morphology of electroless plating of Ni-P is better than that of low-carbon steel after the low-carbon steel sheet was electroless plated. For the corrosion caused by slime-forming bacteria,the corrosion resistance of electroless plating of Ni-P is better than that of low-carbon steel sheet and the anti-microbial fouling of electroless plating of Ni-P is preferred. When the slime-forming bacteria grew and reproduced vigorously and metabolites were excessive,biofouling was formed soon; in contrast,biofouling was formed slowly.%为了研究化学镀Ni-P换热器上黏液形成菌微生物污垢的特性，利用化学镀Ni-P的方式对低碳钢表面进行改性。采用微生物污垢对比实验，对低碳钢片和具有Ni-P镀层低碳钢片拍摄扫描电镜图，利用称重法记录污垢变化情况和光电比浊法记录黏液形成菌的数量变化情况。结果表明，Ni-P 镀层表面形貌明显好于低碳钢；Ni-P镀层相比于碳钢具有很好的耐蚀性和抗微生物污垢特性；黏液形成菌生长繁殖旺盛和细菌代谢产物多时，微生物污垢的形成就快。相反，微生物污垢形成就慢。
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