The volatile components of benzoin gums were identified by gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The peak area normalization method was used to calculate each component content and the suitable chromatographic column conditions were determined for benzoin by comparing two different chromatographic column. Four different samples of benzoin were analyzed in the most appropriate separation conditions. By the MS library search,24 compounds were confirmed by using reference literature and retention index of ESO database comparison. Benzyl benzoate (25.52%),benzoic acid (23.12%),ethyl vanillin (14.93%),benzyl alcohol (14.50%),cinnamyl cinnamate(13.41%), benzyl cinnamate (7.54%) were the main components. The principal c omponent projection method was used to classify four kinds of differential sample. Results indicated that with the method of principal component analysis of GC-TOF/MS differential samples could be quickly and accurately distinguished. The method can be used for the development and quality control of benzoin gums.%利用气相色谱-飞行时间质谱，对安息香膏的挥发性成分进行分析，并用峰面积归一化法计算各成分相对含量。利用在两种不同极性色谱柱上的比较试验，确定了适合安息香膏分析的色谱柱条件。在最适合安息香膏分离的色谱条件下对4种不同批次安息香膏的微差样品进行分析。通过质谱库检索，辅助英文版精油库（ESO2006版）比对，解析并确定出精油中的24种组分，主要成分是苯甲酸苄酯（25.52%）、苯甲酸（23.12%）、乙基香兰素（14.93%）、苯甲醇（14.50%）、肉桂酸肉桂酯（13.41%）、肉桂酸苄酯（7.54%）等。用主成分投影分析法对4种微差样品进行分类区分，结果证明，用主成分分析法辅助GC-TOF/MS能较快速准确地对微差样品进行区分。该方法可用于安息香膏的产品开发及其品质控制。
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