论伏羲女娲神话母题的传承与演变

摘要

Motifs of Fuxi and Nuwa are the classic motif types in Chinese folktale. They were independent motifs originally, and then combined together as a new motif. The combination is a two-way, multi-level cultural communication from oral to classics and from classics to oral. The communication usually created several related and different motifs. Nowadays, motifs of Fuxi and Nuwa have become the cultural symbols of the whole Chinese nation as their cultural ancestors. The motifs kept on transforming during the long-time inheriting process and showed the wide distribution in various ethnic regions, and the complexity of inheritance among different ethnic groups and the specialty from mutual independence to fusion. The emerging of these characteristics is related to the cultural function of myths, the inheriting principles of myths, ethnic association and fusion, and special cultural conceptions.%伏羲、女娲母题是中国民间文学宝库中的经典母题类型，它们原本是独立的母题，后逐渐结合成为一个新的母题，这种结合经历了从口头到典籍，再从典籍到口头的双向多层次文化交流，这些交流往往会形成若干相互联系而又不同的母题。如今，伏羲女娲母题已经成为中华民族具有人文始祖意义的文化符号，并且在漫长的传承过程中不断演变，表现出在各民族地区分布的广泛性、在不同民族之间传承的复杂性以及两者从独立到黏合的特殊性。这些特征的形成则与人类对神话文化功能的诉求、神话传承规则、民族交往与融合以及特定的文化理念等有关。