茂兰喀斯特自然保护区撂荒地时空演变、机制及其植被恢复

摘要

本研究以高分辨率遥感影像和实地调查为基本数据源,运用Arcmap和Fragstats软件,研究了茂兰自然保护区弃耕撂荒地的空间分布与动态演变.结果表明:整个保护区的弃耕地主要集中在缓冲区和实验区;从2005年到2015年,弃耕地的空间分布范围明显减少,斑块面积逐渐增加;2005年和2010年,撂荒地数量与距聚落距离呈正相关,2015年,撂荒地主要分布在距聚落＜ 200 m、600～800 m和＞1 000 m的缓冲范围;弃耕地植被恢复型演替主要分布在核心区和缓冲区.研究结果为全面反映保护区的人地关系演变和生态恢复情况提供了参考.%To elucidate the spatial-temporal change of abandoned land and its driving mechanism is one of the most important fields in recent research of land use/change.The Maolan karst natural reserve is well preserved as a typical karst forest ecosystem and world natural heritage.This paper aims to clarify the spatialtemporal evolution of abandoned land in this area based on the high-resolution remote sensing images and field investigations,using the Arcmap and Fragstats software.The results show that in the study area,the whole area of abandoned land mainly concentrates in the buffer zone and experimental area,namely Dongjia,Biba-lapa and Banlao-dongjiu in the northwest,south and northeast of the study area.From 2005 to 2015,the spatial distribution of the abandoned land area decreased significantly,while plaque area gradually increased.Between 2005 and 2010,the number of abandoned land and distance from settlements were positively correlated.In 2015,abandoned land was mainly distributed in settlement ＜ 200 m,600-800 m and ＞ 1,000 m of the buffer area,respectively.The vegetation restoration of abandoned land was mainly distributed in the core and buffer area,but there was repeated cultivation after land abandonment in the experimental area with many rural settlements and artificial disturbs.The reason of farmland abandonment in the Maolan karst natural reserve was related firstly with the decrease of rural settlement and people.Secondly,it was related with the intensive use of cultivated land in the experimental area and buffer zone,and thirdly,with the farm household livelihood diversity and transition.These results could provide complete reference for understanding the human-natural relationship evolution and ecological restoration in the Maolan karst natural reserve area.