不同间作种植模式对棉花生长发育及品质影响

摘要

本研究旨在通过大田试验，分析塔里木地区不同枣棉间作间距对花铃期棉花生长发育以及品质的影响，为优化枣棉间作种植模式提供理论依据。结果表明：①棉花与红枣行间距主要影响棉花盛铃－吐絮进程。M1模式（距离红枣1．5 m处种植棉花）棉花生育期最短，为143 d；M3模式（距离红枣0．5 m处种植棉花）最长，为149 d。②花铃期，M2模式（距离红枣1．0 m处种植棉花）株高、茎粗、成铃数均优于其他模式。③M1模式棉花叶片、茎秆干物质积累显著高于其他模式。④M1模式棉花产量为2436．79 kg·hm－2，显著低于其他处理，但是衣分率（0．447）、霜前花率（83．24％）显著高于其他处理；M2模式籽棉产量为4071．87 kg·hm－2，显著高于其他处理。⑤随棉花与红枣行间距的减小（M1→M3），棉纤维反射率小幅上升，断裂比强度、马克隆值呈降低趋势。结合生产实际，阿拉尔垦区幼龄枣园中棉花与红枣保持1．0m距离，能够产生较高的经济效益。%To study the effects of different intercropping planting patterns on growth and quality of cotton ,a field experiment was carried out to provide theoretical basis for optimizing intercropping practice .The results showed that line spacing between cotton and date plants impacted mainly the process of boll to boll opening .Growth period (143 days ) of M1 (jujube and cotton distance 1 .5 m ) was the shortest ,and that (149 days ) of M3 (jujube and cotton distance 0 .5 m ) was the longest .In addition ,during the blooming period ,plant height ,stem diameter ,and the number of boll of M2 (ju-jube and cotton distance 1 .0 m ) were better than those of other modes .Also ,leaf and stem dry matter accumulations of M1 were significantly higher than those of other modes .Moreover ,seed cotton yield of M1 was 2 436 .79 kg·hm-2 ,sig-nificantly lower than that with other treatments ,but lint percentage (0 .447 ) and cotton before frost (83 .24% ) were sig-nificantly higher than those of other treatments .Seed cotton yield of M2 was 4 071 .87 kg · hm-2 , significantly higher than that with other modes .With the decrease of line spacing between cotton and date ,reflectivity of cotton fiber became increased slightly ,while breaking strength and micronaire were decreased .In conclusion ,in combination with production practice ,a cultivation distance of 1 .0 m between cotton and young jujube orchard plants could improve economic effi-ciency .