不同水分处理对胡麻干物质积累与分配及水分利用效率的影响

摘要

在大田试验条件下，以陇亚杂1号为材料，设置不灌水（CK ）、分茎水80 mm （T1）、分茎水60 mm＋盛花水40 mm （T2）、分茎水80 mm＋盛花水40 mm （T3）、分茎水60 mm＋现蕾水40 mm＋盛花水40 mm （T4）5个处理，研究了不同水分处理对胡麻干物质积累与分配、籽粒产量及其水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：与CK相比，灌水处理显著提高开花后干物质的积累量和开花后干物质积累量对籽粒的贡献率，以T2处理最高，分别增加了91．37％、45．09％；灌水量过多显著减少光合产量向籽粒的分配，使籽粒产量降低；随灌水量增加，胡麻全生育期耗水量显著增大，籽粒产量先升高后降低，灌水利用效率显著降低；T2处理的产量和水分利用效率显著高于其他处理，分别比CK增加了40．72％、11．71％。综合考虑胡麻的籽粒产量和水分利用效率，T2处理为本试验条件下高产节水的最佳灌水处理。%A field experiment was conducted in Yuzhong Gansu to elucidate the effects of irrigation amounts and timing on the water consumption characteristics ,grain yield ,and water use efficiency of oil flax cultivar Longyaza 1 .Five treatments were employed in the experiment including no irrigation during the whole growth season (represented as CK ) , irrigation amount of 80 mm at stem stage (T1 ) ,irrigating at stem and full flowering stages with amounts of 60 mm and 40 mm (T2 ) , 80 mm and 40 mm (T3 ) , respectively , and irrigating at stem , squaring and full flowering stages with amounts of 60 mm ,40 mm and 40 mm (T4 ) ,respectively .The results showed that dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis and contribution of dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis to grains in irrigation treatments were signifi-cantly increased by 91 .37% and 45 .09% ,respectively ,in T2 .However ,over-irrigation significantly reduced the pho-tosynthate and grain yield .Water consumption amount was increased ,but grain yield was increased first and then became decreased ,and irrigation water use efficiency was decreased significantly .The yield and water use efficiency with T2 treatment were significantly higher than that with other treatments .compared with the CK treatment ,it was increased by 40 .72% and 11 .71% ,respectively .In considerations of grain yield ,and WUE of irrigation involved in the experiment , the most appropriate irrigation treatment recommended was T2 for water-saving and high-yield ,which was to irrigate 60 mm at stem stage and 40 mm at full flowering stage ,respectively .